@article { author = {Zangane Shahraki, Saeed and Galin Sharifdini, Javad and Hassanzadeh, Davood and Salary Moghadam, Zahra}, title = {Evaluation of the Quality of Life in Informal Settlements, Tehran Metropolitan (Case Study: Islamabad Salehabad)}, journal = {Human Geography Research}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {177-196}, year = {2014}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2008-6296}, eissn = {2423-7736}, doi = {10.22059/jhgr.2014.50599}, abstract = {IntroductionThe study of the quality of life in urban areas has been considered extensively in recent years.Among them, the informal settlements (marginalization)- as the major problems of modernmetropolitan regions that are expected to have low level facilities, welfare, accessibility, andthus low standards of living- have attracted the attention of the authors. Therefore, two informalsettlements, Islamabad in north of Tehran and Salehabad in south of Tehran have been selectedas the research topic.In this regard, the research questions are as follow: “Are there any differences between thequality of life in Salehabad and Islamabad?” and “what is the main factor affecting the qualityof life in these two informal settlements?” Research hypotheses are: First: It seems thatsatisfactory levels of quality of life in Islamabad and Salehabad are significantly different.Second, it seems that economic components are the most important factors affecting the qualityof life in informal settlements.The term “quality of life” has no clear origin. Although quality of life is attractive and has ageneral sense, it doesn’t have a universally accepted definition. Whatever phrase used, the  quality of life of a person is dependent on objective and external facts of his or her life and hissubjective perceptions of these factors and himself (Lotfi, 2009, 65). Fu (2000) defines “qualityof life” as the person’s overall satisfaction with his life. Das (2008) defines “quality of life” aspeople’s social welfare and their living environment. Quality of urban life has two mainapproaches: Objective approach and Subjective approach (Lee 2008). In this paper we havedealt with the subjective approach to assess quality of life.The most important qualities of life in Islamabad interpreted by using factor analysis arethese 6 factors: satisfaction with public facilities (factor 1), satisfaction with the quality of thephysical environment (factor 2), the welfare status (factor 3), water and air quality and traffic(factor 4), the security situation in the neighborhood (factor 5), and economic status (factor 6).Each factor contains cases of related variables that are referred to in relevant tables in the text.Multiple-Regression Analysis can be used to identify the contribution of each domain in qualityof life and the creation of causal model which shows the interaction between domains andreagents. One of the aims of this study is to establish a causal model by identifying thedominant domains effective in the quality of life in Islamabad. The main question in creatingthis model is: “Which domains of life have the most causal effect on the quality of life in thearea under the study?” The answer to this question can be effective in the perception of thecausal influence of the domains and also in designing effective programs to improve the qualityof urban life in the region.MethodologyCausal relationship between the domains of life and the satisfaction with life in Islamabad canbe stated as following:1) QoL = 0.485 × F3 + 0.462 × F4 + 0.082 × F5 + 0.072 × F6 + 0.043 × F2 − 0.026 × F1F1: satisfaction with public facilities; F2: satisfaction with the quality of the physicalenvironment; F3: the welfare status; F4: water and air quality and traffic; F5: local securitysituation; and F6: economic status.The total variance of the quality of life explained by this model is 46%. The research showsthat life domains identified in this study have a direct impact on the quality of life. It wasdetermined that the domain with the strongest causal effect is the third factor that is the welfarestatus. The next domain is the fourth factor that is the quality of water, air and traffic.Satisfaction of public facilities and economic situation are the domains which have the weakestcausal impacts on the quality of life.The most important dimensions of the quality of life in Salehabad interpreted by using factoranalysis are these six factors: Satisfaction with leisure and environmental facilities (factor 1),satisfaction with economic and security (factor 2), satisfaction with public facilities and Welfare(factor 3), satisfaction with physical environment condition (factor 4), garbage collection anddisposal and sewage (factor 5), traffic and health (factor 6). Causal relationship between thedomains of life and satisfaction with the quality of life in Salehabad is:  2) QoL = 0.446 × F2 + 0.399 × F4 + 0.236 × F5 + 0.190 × F6 − 0.024 × F1 − 0.019 × F3F1: Satisfaction with leisure and environmental facilities; F2: satisfaction with economic andsecurity; F3: satisfaction with public facilities and Welfare; F4: satisfaction with physicalenvironment condition; F5: garbage collection and disposal and sewage; and F6: traffic andhealth.Results and DiscussionThe total variance of the quality of life explained by this model is 45%. The results show thatthe domain with the strongest causal effect on the quality of life in Salehabad, is the secondfactor that is the economic satisfaction and security. The domains of the first and third factor,the satisfaction of leisure and environmental facilities and welfare, have the weakest causaleffect on the quality of life.Therefore, in the studies conducted in the two settlements of Islamabad and Salehabad it wasfound that there are differences between the two habitats regarding most indicators of thequality of life. Descriptive findings of the survey show that regarding most indicators,Islamabad has a more favorable condition than Salehabad. In the analysis and comparison of themean of individual variables in the two settlements, it was found that in these 26 proposedindicators, the mean of the responses in Islamabad is higher than Salehabad. However, only in 6indicators the average satisfaction in Salahabad is higher than Islamabad.ConclusionBased on the output of the T-test, comparing the mean of the responses on individual items, andaccording to the descriptive findings, the first research hypothesis indicating that the quality oflife satisfaction among the inhabitants of the two regions has a significant difference, will bedemonstrated.The results of the factor analysis and regression analysis indicate that in each settlement themost important predictors of the quality of life are different. This suggests that the quality of lifevaries according to locations.Thus, according to the research findings the second hypothesis in Salehabad is also proven,but it is rejected in the urban area of Islamabad.Thus, we can say that informal settlements are problematic and need to be empowered.Because experience has shown that this is the best strategy. In order to empower the settlements,identifying and assessing their quality of life will be very effective.}, keywords = {Empowerment,Informal Settlements Mental Approach,Metropolises,quality of life}, title_fa = {تحلیل فضایی کیفیت زندگی در سکونتگاه‎های غیر رسمی منطقۀ کلانشهری تهران (مطالعۀ موردی: اسلام‎آباد، صالح‎آباد)}, abstract_fa = {در سال‎های اخیر، مطالعۀ کیفیت زندگی در نواحی شهری مورد توجه گسترده بوده است. متأسفانه در بیشتر کلانشهرهای ایران، شاهد معضلی به نام سکونتگاه‎های غیر رسمی هستیم که دارای کیفیت زندگی چندان مناسبی نیستند. در این پژوهش، کیفیت زندگی در دو سکونتگاه غیر رسمی کلانشهر تهران (صالح‎آباد و اسلام‎آباد) با رویکرد ذهنی بررسی شده است. برای انجام پژوهش، دویست نمونه از بین ساکنان شهر اسلام‎آباد و صالح‎آباد به‎صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و با استفاده از شاخص‎های ذهنی، کیفیت زندگی در این دو شهر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش با مراجعۀ حضوری به مناطق مورد مطالعه (اسلام‎آباد و صالح‎آباد)، داده‎های مورد نیاز به‎شیوه‎های مشاهده، مصاحبه و مهم‎تر از همه، تکمیل پرسش‎نامه، جمع‎آوری شدند. یافته‎های پژوهش نشان می‎دهد که میزان سرانه‎های مختلف و برخورداری از امکانات مورد نیاز در این سکونتگاه‎ها وضعیت چندان مناسبی ندارند که این موضوع، پایین‎بودن میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان را به‎دنبال داشته است. همچنین اثبات شد میزان رضایتمندی از وضعیت کیفیت زندگی در بین ساکنان دو منطقۀ صالح‎آباد و اسلام‎آباد، تفاوت معنادار دارد و سکونتگاه اسلام‎آباد کیفیت زندگی بالاتری از صالح‎آباد دارد. ضمن اینکه در صالح‎آباد، مهم‎ترین عامل مؤثر بر کیفیت زندگی، عامل اقتصادی و امنیتی و متغیرهای آن بوده، اما در اسلام‎آباد، عامل وضعیت بهزیستی با متغیرهای مربوطه، مهم‎ترین عامل اثرگذار شناخته شد. درنهایت با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، در راستای راهبرد توانمندسازی این سکونتگاه‎ها و ارتقای کیفی آنها، پیشنهادهایی مطرح شده است.}, keywords_fa = {توانمندسازی,رویکرد ذهنی,سکونتگاه غیر رسمی,کلانشهرها,کیفیت زندگی}, url = {https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_50599.html}, eprint = {https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_50599_0bda31a4c07841ff9af8fe0c4b01f405.pdf} }