@article { author = {Rostaei, Shahrivar and Heydari Chiyane, Rahim and Asgari Zamani, Akbar and Tavassolian, Rahim}, title = {Analysis of the Effective Forces in Urbanization of Rent in the Form of Urban Residential Land Development Plans (Case study: Zanjan city)}, journal = {Human Geography Research}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {85-103}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2008-6296}, eissn = {2423-7736}, doi = {10.22059/jhgr.2019.282830.1007949}, abstract = {Introduction The city structure as a spatial form comes from the interaction between environmental, economic, social, and political processes. According to the Growth Coalition Theory, the basis of the coalition for the growth of local power elements in cities mainly depends on land factors. In this context, active agents in land market and urban property become key factors in urban development and production of rent space. This paper, based on theoretical literature on urban land rent, introduces rent-seeking mechanisms in urban residential land supply process, and at the same time studies the production of urban space derived from it. Afterwards it exmplains urbanization of rent process with an emphasis on redistributional rent-seeking as the main attribute of economic rentiers system in Iran along with its impact on the structure of Zanjan, Iran. In Iranian cities, rent-seeking happens in available urban spaces with a great variety of proposed rents. Otherwise, this occurs through creation of new spaces that are contrary to urban development standards, mainly with the aim of achieving absolute rents. The latter scenario, according to Lefebvre's readings, is in the form of producing new spaces or spatial expansion. Due to production of new spaces, in comparison with spatial constraints, rent-seeking plays a major role in urbanization and city construction  in Iran. In this regard, one of the fields of urbanization that concerns rent and rent-seeking in the cities of Iran is inefficient allocation. This can be seen in the scarce number of urban spaces, due to undeveloped lands through ineffective implementation of land development policies, one of the most important and prevalent urban land policies since the 1980s, introduced to the residential land speculation system. This economic practice is one of the characteristics of Iran’s urbanization, which is directly related to the economic structure of the country, called the rentier system. The residential land supplied in this way, with varying degrees of underdevelopment level and excessive use and actual demand of the city, creates the ground for high exchange value. Thus for a long period of time, without a complete development of residential land, it provides the space for redistributional rent-seeking, resulting from the absolute exchange value created on the land. Methodology This paper employed a descriptive-analytical method to examine the role of factors, affecting the of rent prices in Zanjan within a rentier economic system by residential land development plans. Data were collected through library and field studies. It went through data analysis, path analysis, the multidimensional decision-making model, the multi-criteria decision-making model, and Delphi analysis method with fuzzy weighting, inside DPSIR model. At first, the data were ranked by Delphi process and fuzzy weighting. Then, they got weighted and ranked, using a multi-criteria decision making model. In the next step, using the path analysis method, the effect of each component got analyzed on the production of the rented space. Results and Discussion Regarding the influence of different forces on shaping the urban rented space, field surveys also showed that the urban growth boundary control indicators with direct effect of 0.527 had the greatest correlation with city construction, based on urban land rent. In other words, the statistical community, when explaining the relations between independent and dependent components, believed that what could control urban construction from rented space production, were components based on controlling the city's boundaries. Thus, it could be more effective in optimal organization of urban spaces. In contrast, macroeconomic indicators, influenced by the performance of the rentier government, with a direct effect of 0.359, proved to be less effective, compared to other components. These components undermined the structure of urban management. As urban management weakens and macroeconomic processes, creating the rents, are not controlled, local government and non-government agents, involved in land and housing, become unable to control the flow of land and urban housing. Therefore, the production of rented space in the city through rent-seeking behavior of the economic-social elite gets intensified. In this regard, statistical findings indicated that the share of land prices at the cost of housing with a coefficient of 0.794, the share of oil added value in GDP with a coefficient of 0.792, the ratio of liquidity in GDP with a coefficient of 0.774, duration of permits, and construction for more than 80% of residential lands in land development plans with a coefficient of 0.749 had the biggest impact on production of rented space according to the Todim Model. Conclusion Considering this research’s findings about the impact of different economic, social, and managerial forces on the production of rent space in Zanjan city, in order to improve the status quo and move towards production of urban spaces as a suitable response to real housing needs, it is necessary to take the following into consideration: Management of oil revenues, liquidity, and government assistance to create a productive urban economy Prevention of buying/selling or speculation of land plots through proper implementation of residential land development policies, based on real land needs Attentiveness to urban regeneration policies Facilitation of issuing building permits for vacant land.}, keywords = {Urban space production,Urbanization of rents,Redistributional rent-seeking Residential land development plan,Zanjan City}, title_fa = {تحلیل نیروهای موثر در شهری شدن رانت در قالب طرح های آماده سازی زمین مسکونی شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر زنجان)}, abstract_fa = {تولید فضای شهری برآیند تعاملی فرایند‏‏های محیطی، اقتصادی،‏‏ اجتماعی،و سیاسی است. وجه اشتراک میان نظام‏های اقتصادی متفاوت هر کشوری حضور عامل تولید زمین به‏عنوان مهم‏ترین رکن توسعة شهری در برقراری رابطةیادشده است. هر چقدر قدرت نهادها و مدیران محلی در مدیریت جریانات اقتصادی-اجتماعی و کالبدی شهر ضعیف باشد، کنشگران فعال در بازار زمین و مستغلات شهری به عاملان اصلی در توسعة شهری و تولید فضای رانتی تبدیل می‏شوند. در این مقاله با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی نقش عوامل و مؤلفه‏های تأثیر‏گذار بر تولید فضای رانتی شهر زنجان در درون صورت‏بندی نظام اقتصادی رانتیر کشور به‏واسطة طرح‏های آماده‏سازی زمین مسکونی بررسی می‏شود. گردآوری داده‏ها با مطالعات کتابخانه‏ای و میدانی انجام شد. تحلیل داده‏ها نیز با روش دلفی، مدل TODIM، تحلیل مسیر و مدل DPSIRبا کمک نرم‏افزار SPSSانجام شد. نتایج برآمده از آزمون تحلیل مسیر نشان می‏دهد شاخص‏های کنترل محدودة شهری با اثر مستقیم 527/0بیشترین ارتباط را با ساخت شهری مبتنی بر رانت دارد و شاخص سهم قیمت زمین در قیمت تمام‏شدة مسکن با ضریب 794/0 و سهم ارزش افزودة نفت در تولید ناخالص داخلی با ضریب 792/0 بیشترین تأثیر را در تولید فضای رانتی از نظر رتبه‏بندی مدل تودیم دارد. در این رابطه برای مقابله با تولید فضای رانتی،جلوگیری از تبدیل زمین به اوراق بهادار ملکی و مستغلاتی برای بروز کنش رانت‏جویی بازتوزیعی و چرخش به سیاست‏های بازآفرینی شهری ضروری است.}, keywords_fa = {تولید فضای شهری,رانت‏جویی بازتوزیعی,شهر زنجان,شهری‏شدن رانت,طرح آماده‏سازی زمین مسکونی}, url = {https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_73339.html}, eprint = {https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_73339_fd8d0408bcd93c8f0a1f01e10d37a61c.pdf} }