TY - JOUR ID - 36136 TI - Population Dynamics in Geographic Regions of Iran and its Consequences JO - Human Geography Research JA - JHGR LA - en SN - 2008-6296 AU - Ghadiri Masoum, Mojtaba AU - Baghiyani, Hamid Reza AU - Ghadiri Masoum, Motahare AD - Prof. in Geography, University of Tehran & Center of Excellent Rural Development, Tehran AD - Ph.D. Candidate in Geography & Urban Planning, University of Tehran AD - M.A. in Sociology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 57 EP - 74 KW - Geographic Area KW - Iran KW - population KW - Population Movements KW - Spatial distribution of population DO - 10.22059/jhgr.2013.36136 N2 - Extended AbstractIntroductionSpatial structure of population is an important issue in regional studies. Iran population hasunbalanced and unsuitable distribution. In some places population is dense and in some otherareas it is sparse. The unbalanced and disproportional distribution can be attributed to variousfactors that can be divided into a variety of categories such as natural, economic, social,political, historical, cultural and etc. Development of car industries and promotion of trade,construction and development of rural areas and new towns in different ways has a new era ofdevelopment and population displacement. Influx of rural migrants to urban areas andconcentration of population in cities and small towns led to numerous inconsistencies in thedistribution of population in Iran. The high population growth in one hand and the implicationsand consequences of large population on the other hand are important factors influencingpopulation-based studies and population movements in the geographical areas.In this study, an attempt has been made to study the geographical areas with populationchange and effective factors. The consequences of this change are analyzed. The questionsconsidered in this study are as follows:1. Are crucial demographic factors such as population growth and the youth literacy ratein terms of active population and employment rates various in different areas? 2. Is the process of migration in recent decades influencing environmental policies andplanning?Could the current trend of population distribution in different regions lead to an increase inthe gap between wealthy and deprived areas?MethodologyThe method of this research is descriptive - analytic. To obtain information in the research weused library documents and statistics as materials. Then, demographic data were usedindividually and based on comparisons between different periods.Results and DiscussionAccording to the findings and discussions, the following research questions are discussed.1. Are crucial demographic factors such as population growth and the youth literacy rate interms of the active population and employment rates various in different areas?Population growth: based on the last General Population and Housing Census in 2011,population of Iran was 75.149 million. This show an increase of 4.65 million compared with2006 Census. In other words, the annual population growth was 1.2 percent in the same period.Young people: the young population increased from 2.918 in 1956 to 17.738 2006. Theproportion of young population to total population to come in the year 1956 was 15.4%, and forthe year 1966 it was 15.2%, for 1976 it was 19%, and for 1986 it was 19%, for 1996 about25.5%, and 25.2% for 2006.The literacy rate: In Tehran province (83.8 percent), Semnan (80.8 percent), Isfahan(80.2%), Yazd (79.2 percent) and Mazandaran (78.4%) and the highest number allocated to 6years old and more educated in provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan (57.3 percent),Azarbayjan-Gharby (69.9 percent), Kurdistan (70.3 percent), Khorasan Jonobi (71 percent), KoohkiluyehBoyer Ahmad (72.9 percent). The lowest number has been 6 years and more literate.Growth rate of the active population is characterized byyoung and educated in Sistan-Baluchistan province. This shows the highest rate of population growth and lowest levels ofeducation and low levels of the active population. The high percentage of unemployed is about16.8 percent.2. Is the process of migration in recent decades influencing environmental policies andplanning?Recent immigration trends are more in the provinces of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi andIsfahan. Due to unique political status, more income and employment opportunities, easy accessand etc. Tehran has attracted the largest number of immigrants. Government policy was so thatcaused many people to migrate to Tehran because of more facilities available.. So, it is clear thatimmigration trends are influenced by environmental factors, and planning policies.3. Could the current trend of population distribution in different regions lead to an increase inthe gap between wealthy and deprived areas? Current trends indicate that the population distribution is mainly concentrated inmetropolitan centers due to the concentration of material and social capital. Different migrantgroups have a variety of living conditions. Most cities have immigration such as Tehran,Mashhad and Isfahan. The high populated areas have more job opportunities for people andattract more people from remote areas.ConclusionThe results showed that the distribution of population of Iran, from West to East and from Northto South is influenced by environmental factors (topography, rainfall, soil and water resourcesand etc), economic factors (income, employment opportunities, etc.), political factors(government policies, government funding, etc.), and social factors (migration, kinship ties,religious attractions, etc). The distribution of population may lead to different effects. Forexample, in some areas, increased migration of people to other areas has led to a situation thatthe facilities and services by public and private investments are left unused. The distribution ofpopulation density is increasing in some areas such as the provinces of Tehran, Gilan,Mazandaran. These increases in density could increase pressure on the utilization of resourcesand environmental damage. In this review, in the form of three questions listed above we havetried to check the movement of population and geographical areas and their consequences. Theresults show that the geographic distribution of the population is strongly influenced byenvironmental, economic, social, and political factors. Each of these aspects will consequentlylead to different effects. UR - https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_36136.html L1 - https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_36136_6b466ceb654915c7ac932d66b36e5126.pdf ER -