تحلیل شاخص‌های اثرگذار بر توسعۀ اکوتوریسم در مناطق بیابانی ایران

Extended Abstract
Introduction
By hearing the name of desert, more than anything else, cruel, coarse and dry environment is
imagined. In the general approach, desert is known as an ecosystem with water scarcity, rare of
plant cover and sand covered areas. The opposite of this approach rises from a systematic
approach to the desert landscape which involves high potential of desert with special socioeconomic
conditions and eco-geomorphic landforms. In the cultural perspective, the deserts are
cradle of prophets of Allah. Revelation voice has been received by messengers in the sand
dunes, desert caves and dust storms. So, deserts are natural-cultural heritages for each land. In
this article, the capability of desert as a great source for ecotourism activities which leads to
sustainable development of these environments has been reviewed. In order to analyze the data,
indicators of economic, environmental and social have been recognized using expert opinion.
Factor analysis was used for interpreting the data. The results of the factor analysis showed that
five factors contribute to the development, physical development, environmental awareness,
population growth and rising land prices.
Methodology
The present study was designed to investigate and assess various aspects of ecotourism,
sustainable desert, while taking advantage of a library of information and resources. This
research was carried out with the help of the Delphi algorithm to determine the objectives and 
various aspects of sustainable ecotourism in Iran. Taking advantage of the experts, dimensions
and indicators of ecotourism was determined according to Table 3. For the method 15 experts in
five universities (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Yazd and Shiraz) were selected and a questionnaire
was filled. People were asked to answer the aspects (both positive and negative) of developing
ecotourism in arid desert country in three ecological (environmental), economic and social
issues. The data of experts, the economic component of 11, 23 and 14 elements of
environmental and social factors were identified and separated.
Results and Discussion
As mentioned in the methodology, in order to examine ecotourism impacts on wilderness areas,
11 economic components, and 23 social components and 14 environmental components were
identified. Factor analysis was used to determine their effects. The first step is to ensure the
correct application of this method. KMO of the tool was equal to 0.795. The value demonstrates
acceptable internal consistency of the components. Bartlett's test with a significance level of
acceptable (sig <0.000) components showed suitable for performing factor analysis.
Table 1. Results KMO and Bartlett's test for performance analysis
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0.759
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx.Chi-Square 1.312
Df 435
Sig 0.000
Conclusion
Ecotourism potential in arid areas is important to achieve stable development and become an
important component of economic development in the deserts. The recent spread of tourism in
desert areas has resulted in many positive and negative effects. The present study examines the
effects of ecotourism on the sustainable development of desert areas. Thus, 44 elements in three
groups of economic, social and environmental issues were studied. Results showed that the first
factor, the development of partnerships, particularly with the amount of 8.355, 24.325% of the
total variance is explained by the components. The highest value of this factor that increase
people's participation in natural resource management on the sustainable development of
ecotourism is for desert. The amount of 6.534, 17.031% of the variance components are
allocated to managing physical changes. Therefore, this component represents the physical
changes that may contribute to the development of ecotourism in desert areas. Increase in the
environmental awareness has the value of 5.721, 12.304% of the total variance and factors
influencing its components are associated with providing public and professional educational
opportunities. Population growth factor with a value of 3.598, explain about 8.5% of the total
variance. Ultimately, increase in the amount of land prices, especially 2.3, accounted for about
7.6% of the total variance of the variables. Evaluation results show that ecotourism combine
positive and negative impacts and host communities and local natural heritage. The challenges
of ecological tourism expand it, without destroying the natural attractions. Obviously, the  development of ecotourism in sensitive natural areas with a lack of proper planning and management can be a threat to the integrity of ecosystems and cultures.