- ایوانز، گراهام و جفری نونام، 1381، فرهنگ روابط بینالملل، ترجمة حمیرا مشیرزاده و حسین شریفی طراز کوهی، نشر میزان، تهران.
- برزگر، کیهان، 1388، منطقهگرایی در سیاست خارجی ایران، فصلنامة مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، سال دوم، شمارة 5 صص 23-40.
- بوزان، باری و اولی ویور، 1388، نظام منطقهای و نظام بینالملل، ترجمة رحمان قهرمانپور، پژوهشکدة مطالعات راهبردی، تهران.
- حافظ، شمسالدین محمد، 792 ه.ق، دیوان حافظ، نشرکتاب آبان، تهران.
- حافظنیا، محمدرضا و مراد کاویانیراد، 1383، افقهای جدید در جغرافیای سیاسی، سمت، تهران.
- خامنهای، سیدعلی، 1388، سیاستهای کلی نظام، تهران: سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی.
- خرازی، سیدکمال، 1389، سیاست خارجی ما، دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بینالمللی وزارت خارجه، تهران.
- دهقانی فیروزآبادی، سیدجلال، 1390، سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، نشر سمت، تهران.
- سریعالقلم، محمود، 1384، ایران و جهانیشدن، مرکز تحقیقات استراتژیک، تهران.
- شعبانی، رضا، 1386، ایرانیان و هویت ملی، نشر پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشۀ اسلامی، تهران.
- عزتی، عزتالله، 1380، ژئوپلیتیک در قرن بیستویکم، سمت، تهران.
- عظیمی، حسین، 1384، مدارهای توسعهنیافتگی در اقتصاد ایران، نشر نی، تهران.
- قوام، سیدعبدالعلی، 1390، روابط بینالملل نظریهها و رویکردها، چاپ اول، سمت، تهران.
- کاتوزیان، محمدعلی همایون، 1377، جامعهشناسی تاریخی ایران، نفت و توسعة اقتصادی، ترجمة علیرضا طیب، نشر مرکز، تهران.
- کاتوزیان، محمدعلی همایون، 1391، ایران، جامعة کوتاهمدت، نشر نی، تهران.
- کاظمی، علیاصغر، 1373، روابط بینالملل در تئوری و عمل، نشر قومس، تهران.
- کریمیپور، یدالله، 1371، تحلیل ژئوپولیتیکی نواحی سیستانوبلوچستان؛ رسالة دورة دکتری، دانشگاه تربیتمدرس، تهران.
- کریمیپور، یدالله، 1379، مقدمهای بر ایران و همسایگان (منابع تنش و تهدید)، نشر جهاد دانشگاهی دانشگاه خورارزمی، تهران.
- گالاهر، کارولین و دیگران، 1390، مفاهیم کلیدی در جغرافیای سیاسی، ترجمة محمدحسن نامی و علی محمدپور، نشر زیتون سبز، تهران.
- ماجدی، علی، 1386، نقش منطقهگرایی آسیای جنوب غربی در فرآیند جهانیشدن، دبیرخانة مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام، تهران.
- مشیرزاده، حمیرا، 1384، تحول در نظریههای روابط بینالملل، سمت، تهران.
- مجتهدزاده، پیروز، 1381، جغرافیای سیاسی و سیاست جغرافیایی، سمت، تهران.
- مویر، ریچارد، 1379، درآمدی نو بر جغرافیای سیاسی، ترجمة دره میرحیدر، نشر سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح، تهران.
- نقیبزاده، احمد، 1382، اتحادیة اروپا از آغاز تا امروز، نشر قومس، تهران.
- ولایتی، علیاکبر، 1380، دیدگاههای جهانی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بینالمللی وزارت خارجه، تهران.
- هاگت، پیتر، 1375، جغرافیا ترکیبی نو، ترجمة شاپور گودرزینژاد، سمت، تهران.
- هرتسیک، ادموند، 1383، منطقهگرایی، ایران و آسیای مرکزی، فصلنامة مطالعات راهبردی، سال هفتم، شمارة 3، -123- 124.
زارعی، بهادر و علی زینیوند، 1392، قلمرو ایران بزرگ زمینه ساز یک نظام منطقهای، تهران: فصلنامۀ مطالعات منطقهای، سال اول، شمارۀ 3.
زارعی، بهادر، 1391، اطلس نظامی– راهبردی خلیج فارس، سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح، تهران.
زارعی، بهادر، 1391، بنیادهای نظری جغرافیای سیاسی با تأکید بر اسلام و ایران، نشر دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
زارعی، بهادر، 1393، موقعیت راهبردی ژئواکونومیک خلیج فارس و رقابت قدرت ها در قرن بیستو کم، فصلنامۀ پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی، دورۀ 46 شمارۀ 20.
Azimi, H., 2005, The Underdevelopment Circuits in Iran, Nei Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Barzagarr, K., 2009, Regionalism in Iran's Foreign Policy, Central Eurasian Studies Quarterly, Vol. 2, No.5, PP. 23- 40. (In Persian)
- Buzan, B. and Weaver, O., 2009, The Regional and International System, Translated by: Gharamanpour, R., Institute for Strategic Studies, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Dehghani Firouzabadi, S. J., 2011, The Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic Of Iran, Samt, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Ezati, E., 2001, Geopolitics in the Twenty-first Century, Samt, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Ghavam, S. A., 2005, The International Relations of Theories and Approaches, Samt, Tehran. (In Persian)
-Gallaher, C., et al., 2011, Key Concepts in Political Geography, Translated by:Mohammad hasan Nami and Ali Mohammadpour Green Olive publication, Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Hafez, S. M., 1371, Hafez Divan, Aban Ketab Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Hafeznia, M. R. and Kaviani Rad, M., 2004, New Perspectives on Political Geography, Samt, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Hagt, P., 1996, Geography; New Combination, Translated by: Goodarzy Nejad, Sh., Samt, Tehran. (In Persian)
-Heartsick, E., 2004, Regionalism, Iran and Central Asia, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp,233-235 (In Persian)
- Hettne, B., 2003, The New Regionalism Revisited, In Soderbaum, F. (Ed), new York university Press.
- Ivanz, G. and Tonam, J., 2002, Dictionary of International Relation, Translated by: Moshirzadeh, H., and Sharifi, H., Mizan Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Katouzian, M. A. H., 2012, Iran, Short-term Society, Nei Publication, Tehran.
- Katouzian, M. A. H., 1998, Historical Sociology of Iran, Oil and Economical Development, Translated by: Tayeb, A., Markaz Publication, Tehran.
-Katzenstein, P., 1996, Regionalism in Comparative Perspective, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 31, No. 2, PP,11-12. (In Persian)
-Karimipour, Y., 2000, Introduction to Iran and its Neighbors (Sources of tension and threat), The SID of Kharazmi University, Tehran.
- Karimipour, Y., 1992, Geopolitical Analysis of Sistan and Blochestan Areas, Tarbiet Modarres university, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Kazemi, A., 1994, International Relations in Theory and Practice, Gomes Publication, Tehran.(In Persian)
- Khamenei, S. A., 2009, The General Policies of the System. (In Persian)
- Kharrazi, S. K., 2010, Our Foreign Policy, State Department's Bureau of Political and International Studies, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Majedi, A., 2007, The Role of Regionalism in Southeast Asia in the Process of Globalization, The Secretary Of the Expediency Council, Tehran.(In Persian)
- Mojtehedzadeh, P, 2002, Political Geography and Geographical Policy, Samt, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Moshirzadeh, H., 2005, Development in International Relations Theories, Samt, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Muir, R., 2000, Political Geography; A New Introduction, Translated by: Mirheidar, D., Armed Forces Geographical Organization Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
-Naghibzadeh, A., 2003, Europe Union from the Beginning until Today, Gomes Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Hettne, B., 2003, The New Regionalism Revisited, In Soderbaum, F. (Ed), New York University Press.
-Neumann, I. B., 2003, A Region– Building Approach, In Soderbaum, F. and Shaw, T. (Eds), Theories of New Regionalims: A Palgrave Reader, Palgrave, London.
-Sariolghalam, M., 2005, Iran and Globalization, Center for Strategic Research, Tehran.(In Persian)
-Shabani, Reza, 2007, Iranians and National Identity,Tehran, Institute of Islamic Thought and Culture publication.(In Persian)
-Velayati, A. A., 2001, The World Views of Islamic Republic of Iran, The Bureau of Political and International Studies of Foreign Ministry, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Zarei, B., 2012, The Theoretical Foundations of Political Geography with an Emphasis on Islam and Iran, Tehran University Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Zarei, B. and Zeinivand, A., 2013, Great Iranian territory groundwork for a regional system, Tehran Regional Studies, first year (1)., Vol. 1, No. 3, PP,102- 103 (In Persian)
Zarei, B., 1393, Persian Gulf geo-economic strategic position and competitive power in the twenty-first century, Human Geography Research Quarterly, Volume 46, Number 20
- Zarei, B., 2012, Persian Gulf¢s Military– Strategy Atlas, Armed Forces Geographical Organization, Tehran.(In Persian)
Regionalism and the challenges of regionalism in Iran's foreign relations
Bahador Zarei
Assistant Prof., Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
Jalil Delshadzad
MA.in Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
Seyed mehdi Musavi shahidi
MA. In political Geography, Faculty ofGeography, University of Tehran
Seyyed Mahmoud Alavi
MA. in political science orientation of Iranian Studies, Tarbiat Modarres University
Extended Abstract
Introduction
One of the ways to expand cooperation in today's world is Convergence with the model of regionalism. At the regional and global existing order, each country's national security comes more easily through the efforts of the government and people to obtain and increase national wealth than through efforts to build and collecting hardware facilities and create an atmosphere of insecurity and fear and threat. Historically, from the early seventeenth century, to pursue any conflict that occurring in Europe, Scientific and instrumental elites raised convergence in various forms, including the creation of a federation for peace. Since then it has also been considered international cooperation and convergence by countries and global powers. Although the Cold War era had put regional cooperation and integration as a function of the relationship between the two dominant poles in the world, but this was not prevent the formation of regional integration and successful experiences in this regard in the eighties and regionalism and regional cooperation in international relations became a substantial and stable principle for all countries around the world. The supporters of regionalism say: the homogeneities of the political, cultural, social, economic and geographical along with the other components of unifying, it's possible for Independent governments in the region- even to the extent of a continent-wide- that benefit from its spiritual and material resources with suitable cooperation.
Methodology
The main research method for the importance of subject in the current situation is descriptive analytical, while enjoying compared in a large scale. It has been trying to use the library data, including the important and reliable internal and external resources in the knowledge of international relations, political science, political Geography, political economy and political history of Iran to prove the approach of this paper, and it is also taken the point of views of experts in this field to strengthen the scientific reasoning.
Results and Discussion
According to Karl Deutsch the process of integration in a regional organization is like an assembly line which was shaped during history. This process has a central core, that Includes one or more of the larger political unit, more advanced, more developed and more powerful.The political and economic capabilities are decisive for integration, and its responsive and compatibility to the needs and values of smaller units is necessary to maintain integration. New regionalism, especially after promising movements of European Union was invigorated to this mutation from the nineties. At first European countries which were in the new conditions, began integration process. Then this process was created in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Africa. Regionalism in the parts of non-European, third world and developing countries, did not the nature and objectives of the integration process in Europe. Even integration in the Asia-Pacific region has not been as well as integration model in Europe. So that, there is not capacity and necessary political will for a deeper integration and political unity in any of these areas.
During this period, Iran has been able to establish eco-regional organization in cooperation with Turkey and Pakistan but this organization has not been able to achieve economic, political and security aims. We review this issue briefly. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan, who are members of the ECO Treaty tried to affix former member states of this Union and current member of the CIS to this Treaty and were able to increase the number of countries to ten members. However, despite the importance of more than before regional cooperation in the past decade, ECO Economic Cooperation Treaty with ten members can register much success in its repertoire Yet. In fact, from a critical perspective, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan are the most powerful eco members, everyone follow its own especial programs. More, Turkey sees itself as a European country and all its political and economic power were used for membership in Europe Union. On the other hand, Pakistan has also a look at its economic relations with East and West, and to equip its economic resources for coordination with the international economy is more important to strengthen cooperation with Echo.
Conclusion
Regionalism in International Politics refers to the development of economic cooperation, political and cultural ties between governments and other actors geographic areas. Basically region is defined as the combination of geographical proximity, the high degree of interaction, institutional framework and a common cultural identity. Accordingly, the Islamic Republic of Iran as an important and influential country in the regional strategic with the end of the war, especially with the rise of the constructiongovernment so far, although there has been some ups and downs, but always with the approach of regionalism and regional cooperation and benefiting from capacity and international organizations, has been attention to this important issue. Despite these efforts in their desired goals of regionalism approach cannot take required advantage. Because Iran because of its geopolitical situation, including is Located at between the crises of Iraq and Afghanistan, and neighborhood to the focus of the Persian Gulf crisis, Caucasus and Central Asia, South Asia (India and Pakistan) and a major player in Lebanon challenges and Syria crisis, in every possible way with regional and international security issues is in direct contact. The Islamic Republic of Iran has spent all its efforts and activities in political life for the defense of political independence and to maintain axial discourse. Hence it can be said; it is only political unit in the Middle East that the beginning is a security unit, then a political unit, and at the end is a mineral, commercial and economic unit. It seems until it cannot introduce itself like the most influential countries in the world as an actor by trade and economic approach in the issue of regionalism (at least the first step in changing the approach and announcement and executive policies) significant results will not achieve.
Key word: Islamic Republic of Iran, Regionalism, The new Regionalism, Challenges of regionalism, Foreign policy
)