Analysis of Environmental Capabilities for Urban Development (Case Study: Ilam City)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
In the present century, we can observe urbanization in most of the countries. There were a balanced and coordinate increase in physical development and population growth in the recent decades. New transformations in the cities resulted in imbalanced and unequal population growth and physical development. Generally, this imbalanced urban development usually occurs in unplanned areas of city. Therefore, the most important issue for the urban development is to allocate suitable places to future expansion. Establishment and development of a city is highly dependent upon its geographical position.  Given the geographical location of the cities, the physical development of the urban areas is faced with a variety of geomorphological factors. The factors can encourage the urban expansion or restrict that. The more the cities are physically expanded, the more they are affected by the topographic circumstances. Therefore, it is essential to understand the characteristics of natural environment to distinguish suitable places for buildings and structures. The spatial growth and development of Ilam City is greatly affected by the effects of 8 years of imposed war and rural-urban migration, particularly in border area. The city after the war due to extensive operations and administrative importance had an exogenous growth. The population growth increased the demand for housing. The limited space in the city resulted in expansion of the houses and buildings on the foothill areas of 15% slope. The natural setting of the city does not support a suitable environment for physical development of urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate urban development of the city to prevent degradation and destruction of appropriate landuses. One of the solutions to protect the appropriate landuses is optimization site selection for the urban development. 
 
Materials and methods
This study as an applied research follows descriptive analytical method. The data have been gathered by a library and field method and using the spatial data of the region. The spatial factors including slope, aspect, topography, landuse, geology, and distance to rivers and roads have been prepared from the corresponding spatial data. The weighting model has been used to integrate the information. In the model, the criteria in a hierarchy structure are compared pairwise and received a weight scaled from 1 to 9 based on their preferences. In the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, the parameters have been weighted and prioritized based on physical characteristics and properties according to the expert opinions.   
 
Results and discussion
In this study, we have made an assessment of the effective variables and their influence in optimized areas for urban physical expansion in Ilam. In addition that the influence of each factor has been analyzed, we have given a map showing suitable areas of urban expansion for each factor and a final map resulted from the integration of all the factors. In the integration, the layers with higher preference have also higher priority. The coefficients of the criteria of slope, hypsometry, lithology, landuse, distance to road, geographical direction, and distance to drainage networks are 0.33, 0.22, 0.16, 0.11, 0.08, 0.06, and 0.04, respectively. Therefore, it can be stated by the evidence that topography have outstanding role in site selection and spatial development of the city because it is completely surrounded by the mountains and also established on the slopes more than 15% in highlands. The lithology of the urban area is composed of limestone, marl, shale, alluvial formations mainly at risk of subduction.
 
Conclusion
Urban spatial development as the physical expansion of the city is considered as one of the requirements of urbanization. The expansion must be so directed that all the fundamentals of the urban development be considered. It is essential to understand the urban development process in urban planning and management of sustainable urban development. Investigation about natural condition of any region can play a vital role in planning and site selection for the suitable areas of urban development. The development regardless of the natural settings of a city can lead to increased urban management costs, problems in urban services, and high risk of some natural hazards.
The Ilam City is located in a plain amid the highlands and limited to the mountains in the margins. The lack of enough suitable land for spatial development made the Ilam faced with geomorphological limitations. The required layers of the natural conditions of the region have been prepared and analyzed in ArcGIS by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. Using the method, the suitability of the lands have been categorized into five classes including very unsuitable (25.3%), unsuitable (31.7%), moderate (18.5%), suitable (14.6%), and very suitable (9.9%). Given the lower percentage of the classes of suitable and very suitable in Ilam City for the spatial expansion, appropriate strategies can be formulated to conduct the expansion of urban residence and activities towards the suitable areas and also prevent the expansion towards the unsuitable areas. By this, the management can conserve the environment of the region and also better use the existing resources.  

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

. آفریده، فائزه، اسدی، اکرم و امیر احمدی، 1393، پتانسیل‌سنجی توسعة فیزیکی شهر جدید پردیس با تأکید بر شاخص‌های ژئومورفولوژی، پژوهش‌های جغرافیایی برنامه‌ریزی شهری، شمارة 4، صص 521- 540.
2. ابراهیم‌زاده، عیسی و قاسم رفیعی، 1387، مکان‌یابی بهینة جهات گسترش شهری با بهره‌گیری از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) (موردشناسی: شهر مرودشت)، جغرافیا و توسعه، شمارة 15، صص 45- 70.
3. اسماعیلی، رضا، 1394، ارزیابی سیاست‌های مسکن مهر در تأمین مسکن گروه‌های کم‌درآمد شهری (نمونة موردی: شهر ایلام)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان.
4. اعتماد، گیتی، 1379، شهرنشینی در ایران، تهران، انتشارات آگاه.
5. امان‌پور، سعید و هادی علیزاده، 1392، تحلیلی بر مکان‌یابی جهات بهینة توسعة فیزیکی شهر اردبیل با استفاده از مدل AHP، فصلنامة برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، سال سوم، شمارة 10، صص 83- 96.
6. بمانیان، محمدرضا و هادی محمودنژاد، 1387، نظریه‌های توسعة کالبدی شهر، چاپ اول، انتشارات سازمان شهرداری‌ها و دهیاری‌های کشور، تهران.
7. پوراحمد، احمد و علی شماعی، 1380، توسعة فیزیکی شهر یزد و تأثیر آن بر ساختار جمعیت بافت قدیم شهر، فصلنامة علوم اجتماعی، شمارة 18، صص 3- 30.
8. پورمحمدی، محمدرضا، 1386، برنامه‌ریزی کاربری اراضی شهری، چاپ سوم، انتشارات سمت، تهران.
9. حاتمی‌نژاد، حسین و دیگران، 1391، توسعة کالبدی- فضایی شهر ورزنه و ارائة راهبردهای توسعة آتی شهر، آمایش سرزمین، دورة چهارم، شمارة 2، صص 53- 74
10. حبیبی، کیومرث و احمد پوراحمد، 1384، توسعة فیزیکی شهر سنندج با استفاده از GIS، چاپ اول، دانشگاه کردستان.
11. حسین‌زاده، محمدمهدی و دیگران، 1391، بررسی محدودیت‌های ژئومورفولوژیک برای توسعة فیزیکی شهر کرمانشاه، فصلنامة آمایش محیط، شمارة 26، صص 19- 38.
12. حسینی، سیدعلی، ویسی، رضا و سجاد احمدی، 1391، تحلیل روند توسعة فضایی و تعیین جهات بهینة توسعة شهر رشت با استفاده از سامانة اطلاعات جغرافیایی، پژوهش‌های جغرافیایی انسانی، دورة 45، شمارة 2، صص 83- 104.
13. حسینی، هاشم و دیگران،1390، ارزیابی و مکان‌یابی جهات توسعة فیزیکی شهر با استفاده از مدل منطق فازی (مطالعة موردی: شهر دیواندره)، نشریة تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، جلد 20، شمارة 23، صص 63- 83.
14. رضائی، پرویز و پروانه استاد ملک‌رودی، 1389، محدودیت‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی توسعة فیزیکی شهر رودبار، فصلنامة جغرافیای طبیعی، سال سوم، شمارة 7، صص 41- 52.
15. رهنمایی، محمدتقی، 1382، مجموعه مباحث و روش‌های شهرسازی (جغرافیا)، چاپ اول، انتشارات مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات شهرسازی و معماری ایران، تهران.
16. سرور، هوشنگ، خیری‌زاده، منصور و منیژه لاله‌پور، 1393، نقش عوامل محیطی در امکان‌سنجی توسعة فیزیکی بهینة شهر ملکان، فصلنامة پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، سال پنجم، شمارة 18، صص 95- 114.
17. شایان، سیاوش، پرهیزگار، اکبر و مرتضی سلیمانی، 1388، تحلیل امکانات و محدودیت‌های ژئومورفولوژیک در انتخاب محورهای توسعة شهری (نمونة موردی: شهر داراب)، فصلنامة مدرس، دورة سیزدهم، شمارة 3، صص 31- 53.
18. شیعه، اسماعیل، 1379، کارگاه برنامه‌ریزی شهری (رشتة جغرافیا)، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران.
19. طبیبی، مظاهر و دیگران، 1390، مدل‌سازی مکانی توسعة کالبدی شهری براساس توان زیست‌محیطی (مطالعة موردی: شهر گرگان)، فصلنامة پژوهشی ساخت شهر، شمارة 19، صص 38- 45.
20. غیور، حسن‌علی، 1375، سیل و مناطق سیل‌خیز، فصلنامة تحقیقات جغرافیا، شمارة 40، صص 101- 120.
21. قربانی، رسول، محمودزاده، حسن و علی‌اکبر تقی‌پور، 1392، تحلیلتناسباراضی (LSA) برایتوسعةشهریدرمحدودةمجموعةشهریتبریزبااستفادهاز روشتحلیلفرایندسلسله‌مراتبی، جغرافیا و آمایش شهری، شمارة 8، صص 1- 14.
22. قرخلو، مهدی و دیگران، 1390، مکان‌یابی مناطق بهینة توسعة فیزیکی شهر بابلسر بر مبنای شاخص‌های طبیعی، جغرافیا و توسعه، شمارة 23، صص 99- 122.
23. قنبری، یوسف و زهرا فتاحی، 1391، بررسی جاذبه‌های گردشگری بالقوة اکوتوریسم و توریستی استان ایلام، نخستین همایش ملی گردشگری و طبیعت‌گردی ایران زمین، 1391.
24. مرکز آمار ایران، 1390، سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن.
25. ملکی، امجد و بیان عزیزی، 1393، تنگناهای طبیعی توسعة فیزیکی شهر پاوه با تأکید بر عوارض ژئومورفولوژی، فصلنامة آمایش محیط، شمارة 27، صص 37- 54.
26. ملکی، سعید و توران احمدی، 1389، توسعة فیزیکی شهر ایلام، دانشگاه ایلام.
27. مهندسان مشاور بعد فن، 1392، طرح جامع شهر ایلام، گزارش مرحلة اول.
28. میرانی، معصومه و دیگران، 1395، ارزیابی کارآمدی شبکة هدایت، جمع‌آوری و دفع رواناب‌های سطحی در شهر ایلام، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد مؤسسة آموزش عالی باختر ایلام.
29. نوبخت حقیقی، شهاب، بلندگرامی، نسرین و صلاح عزیزیان، 1392، محدودیت‌های توسعة فیزیکی و ساماندة کاربری اراضی شهری (نمونة موردی: شهر مهاباد)، نخستین همایش ملی جغرافیا، شهرسازی و توسعة پایدار، تهران.
30. هوشیار، حسن، 1384، دیدگاه‌ها، عوامل و عناصر مؤثر در توسعة فیزیکی شهرهای ایران، رشد آموزش جغرافیا، دورة نوزدهم، شمارة 3، صص 18- 27.
31. Afarideh,, F., Asadi, A. and Ahmadi, A., 2014, potential of physical development of new city of Pardis by emphasize to morphological indexes, geographical studies, urban planning, No. 4, pp. 521-540. (In Persian)
32. Amanpour, S. and Alizadeh, H., 2012, analyzing locating of optimal development in Ardabil city by AHP model, magazine of areal programming, 3th year, No. 10, pp. 83-96. (In Persian)
33. AL Shalabi, M.A, et al., 2006, GIS Based multi criteria Approaches To Housing site suitability Assessment. proceeding of 23th FIG congress, october 8-13, munich Germany, pp: 1-17.
34. Bagan, H., and Yamagata,Y.,2012, Landsat analysis of urban growth How Tokyo became the worlds Largest megacity the Last 40 Years, Remote sensing of Environment No. 127, pp. 210-222.
35. Barred, J. I., and Bosque- Sendar, J., 1998, Comparison of multi- C riteria evalution methods integrated in geographical information system to allocate urban area, madrid: universidad de Alcal de Henares.
36. Bemanian, M., and Mahmoud nejad, H., 2007, theories of physical development of city, first edition, publications of Municipality organizations of country, Tehran. (In Persian)
37. Brabyan, L.,1998, GIS analysis of macro landform, presented at the 10th colloquialism of the spatial information research center, university of Otago, Newzealand: 16-19 november.
38. Chandio, I. A., et al., 2012, GIS- based analytic hierachy process as a multi criteria decision analytic instrument: a review, Arab J Geoscience, springer, Available from:http//link. springer. com/Journal/12517.
39.Cheng, J and Masser, I., 2004, Understanding spatial and temporal processess of urban Growth, Cellular automatamodeling.
40. Cheng, J., Modelling spatial and Temporal Urban Growth, Doctoral Dissertion, Faculty of Geography Sciences Utrecht University.
41. Counselor engineers of technique dimension, 2012, Master plan of Ilam city, first stage report. (In Persian)
42. Esmaeeli, R., 2015, evaluating policies of Mehr domiciles in providing domiciles of weak groups of city, case study: Ilam City, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan. (In Persian)
43. Etemadi, G., 2000, Urbanization in Iran, Tehran, Agah Publication. (In Persian)
44. ghorbani, M., Mahmoodzadeh, H. and Taghipour A. A., 2012, analyzing ESA to civic development in limitation of Tabriz city by method of hierarchical, analysis process, geography and civic verify, No. 8, pp.1-14. (In Persian)
45. Gharakhlou, M., et al., 2009, locating of optimal areas of physical development of Babolsar city based on natural indexes, Geography and development, No. 23, pp. 99- 122. (In Persian)
46. Ghanbari, Y, and Fatahi., Z., 2011, The ecotourism potential tourists and tourist attractions Ilam Province, the first National Conference on Tourism and Tbyt‌Grdy Iran, 1391. (In Persian)
47. Gyuor, H., 1996, flood and flood prone areas, Journal of Geography, No. 40. (In Persian)
48. Hataminejad, H.,et al., S., 2012, Physcal-Space Development of Varzaneh City and Presenting Urban Future Development Solutions. Land Logistics Journal. No. 2, pp. 53-74
49. Habibi, K., and Pourahmad, A., 2005, Physical Development of Sanandaj City through Using GIS, Kurdistan, University first Publication. (In Persian)
50. Hess, G.R., 2001, Just What is Sprawl, Anyway, Available at this web, www4, ncsu. edu/ grhess.
51. Hoshiar, H., 2004, effective perspectives, factors and components in physical development of Iran's city, growing geography education, 19th period, No. 3, pp. 18-27. (In Persian)
52. Hosseini, A., Veisi, R. and Ahmadi, S., 2011, analyzing trend spatial development and determine optimal dimensions of Rasht city by Geoghraphical Information System, researches of geographical data, 45th period, No. 2, pp. 83-104. (In Persian)
53. Hosseini, H., et al., evaluating and locating dimensions of physical development of city by Fuzzy rational model, (case study: Divandarreh city), magazine of geographical sciences, Vol. 20, No. 23, pp. 63-83. (In Persian)
54. Hosseinzadeh, M., et al., 2011, investigating geomorphologic limitations to physical development of Kermanshah city, magazine of verifying environment, No. 26, pp. 19-38. (In Persian)
55. Ibrahimzadeh, I. and Rafiee, G., 2007, optimal location of tendencies of urban development by GIS system, case study: Marvdasht city, Geography and development, No. 15, pp. 45-70. (In Persian)
56. Jiang, L., Deng, X., and Seto,k.C.,2013, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural Land use intensity in China, Land Use Policy 35, pp.33-39.
57. Lungo, M., 2001, Urban Sprawl and Land Regulation in Latin America, Land Lines, Vol. 13, No. 2, PP. 91-113.
58. Maleki, A., and Azizi, B., 2014, natural limitations of physical development of Paveh city by emphasize on geomorphologic feature, magazine of environment verify, No. 27, pp. 37-54. (In Persian)
59. Maleki, S., and Ahmadi, T., 2009, physical development of Ilam city, Ilam University, Ilam. (In Persian)
60. Mirani, M., Karimi, H., and Azadkhani, P., 2016, Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Guidance, Collection and Disposal Networks of Surface Runoff of Ilam City, Master's thesis Bakhtar Higher Institute Education. (In Persian)
61. NobakhtHaghighi, S., Blndgramy, N and Aziziyan, S., 2012, limitations of physical development and organizing urban land use, (case study: Mahabad city), first national conference of geography, building and constant development, Tehran. (In Persian)
62. Ozdemir, P.S, 2011, Comparison of GIS-Based Land use suitability Analysis Tools: A case study in coyote valley. California (Master,s Theses): san Jose stste university.
63. Park, S., et al., 2011, prediction and comparison of urban growth by Land suitability index mapping using GIS and RS in south Korea, Landscape and urban planning.
64. Pourahmad, A., Shmaei, A., 2000, physical development of Yazd City and its effect on population structure of old texture of city, social science, No. 18, pp. 3-30. (In Persian)
65. Pourmohammadi, M., 2006, urban Land-use planning, third edition, Samt publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
66. Rahnemai, M. T., 2002, Issuse and methods of urban planning, first edition, Publication of research center of urban planning and architecture of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
67. Rezaei, P., and OstadMalekroodi, P., 2009, geomorphologic limitations of physical development of Roodbar city, magazine of natural geography, 3th year, No. 7, pp. 41-52. (In Persian)
68. Saaty, T.L., 1980,: The AnalyticalHierarchy Process. McGraw Hill, New York. 350 pp.
69. Sarvar,, H., khirizadeh, M. and Lale Poor M., 2014, the role of environmental factors in measuring possibility of physical development of Malekan city, magazine of urban development and programming, 5th year, No. 18, pp. 95-114. (In Persian)
70. Shayan, S.,Parhizgar A. and Soleimani, M., 2008, analyzing facilities and geomorphologic limitations to select development axils, (case study: Darab city), magazine of Moaddarres, 13th period, No. 3, pp. 31-53. (In Persian)
71. Shieh, E., 1999, planning workshop of urban, publication of Payamenoor University, Tehran. (In Persian)
72. Statistic center of Iran,2010, public numbering of people and housing. (In Persian)
73.  Tabibi, M., aet al., 2010, spatial modeling of physical development based on environmental capability, case study: Gorgan city, magazine of city building, No. 19, pp. 38-45. (In Persian)
74. Timmermans, H., 2005,: Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning, Taylor and Francis, 225 P.
75. Yang,F., et al., 2008, spatial analyzing sestem for urban Land use management based on GIS and multicriteria assessement modeling, progress in natural scince, Vol. 18, No. 10, PP. 1279-1284.
76. Youssef, A., and pradhan,B.,2011, Integrated evaluation of urban development suitability based on remote sensing and GIS techniques:contribution form the analytic hierarchy process, Arab J Geosci, 4, 463-473.
77. Zhao, P,2010, sustainable urban expansion and transportation in a growing megacity Conseqences of urban sprawl for mobility on the urban Fringe of Beijing, Habitat Inernational, Vol. 34, No. 2, April 2010.n
Human Geography Research
Volume 50, Issue 1
April 2018
Pages 127-144

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 10 November 2016
  • Accept Date: 10 November 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics