Explaining the Biosafety Citizen Pattern (Case Study: 9th and 10th District of Tehran Metropolis)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor at Payame Noor University of Alborz

2 Ph.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch

3 Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University of Tehran

Abstract

Introduction,
During the pursuit of environmental sustainability, attention to the responsibility of governments to reduce environmental degradation has steadily declined, and has instead focused on citizen's environmental behaviors. This increasing attention to the individual emphasizes the key role citizens play in the development and development of a sustainable society. So far, researchers have presented forms of citizenship that demonstrate endeavors for environmental sustainability.
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors shaping the citizens' bio-behavioral behaviors and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards biofilm activities and behaviors in the 9th and 10th areas of Tehran. The 9th and 10th areas are among the 22 areas of Tehran, due to the high concentration of urban activities in them, the lack of open spaces and excessive transport of vehicles, high density of buildings and population, urban texture and ... There are a lot of environmental problems and problems. In this regard, in these areas, a solution is needed to mitigate the negative impacts of these issues, in which urban biofilming is a modern and appropriate solution proposed and proposed by urban planners. One of the key indicators and key elements of this plan is to have biofilm citizens. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the level of commitment of the citizens in the 9th and 10th areas and its role in the feasibility of biophilic planning in these areas.
During the pursuit of environmental sustainability, attention to the responsibility of governments to reduce environmental degradation has steadily declined, and has instead focused on citizen's environmental behaviors. This increasing attention to the individual emphasizes the key role citizens play in the development and development of a sustainable society. So far, researchers have presented forms of citizenship that demonstrate endeavors for environmental sustainability.
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors shaping the citizens' bio-behavioral behaviors and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards biofilm activities and behaviors in the 9th and 10th areas of Tehran. The 9th and 10th areas are among the 22 areas of Tehran, due to the high concentration of urban activities in them, the lack of open spaces and excessive transport of vehicles, high density of buildings and population, urban texture and ... There are a lot of environmental problems and problems. In this regard, in these areas, a solution is needed to mitigate the negative impacts of these issues, in which urban biofilming is a modern and appropriate solution proposed and proposed by urban planners. One of the key indicators and key elements of this plan is to have biofilm citizens. Therefore,The research method is descriptive-survey and of applied type. The statistical population of the residents of these two regions and the statistical sample based on the Cochran formula is 350 inhabitants of these two regions. To assess the content validity of the questionnaire, the formal validity (referring to experts) was used and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.824 the present study aims to investigate the level of commitment of the citizens in the 9th and 10th areas and its role in the feasibility of biophilic planning in these areas
Methodology,
The research method is descriptive-survey and of applied type. The statistical population of the residents of these two regions and the statistical sample based on the Cochran formula is 350 inhabitants of these two regions. To assess the content validity of the questionnaire, the formal validity (referring to experts) was used and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.824. The research method is descriptive-survey and of applied type. The statistical population of the residents of these two regions and the statistical sample based on the Cochran formula is 350 inhabitants of these two regions. To assess the content validity of the questionnaire, the formal validity (referring to experts) was used and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.824
Results and discussion,
In addition to descriptive tests, inferential tests such as Kolmogorov Smirnov, T-single sample and nanolayer were used to analyze the data. The results of the Smirnov test indicate that the test is normal and the results of a single-sample T test show that although none of the respondents belong to a particular group or institution, but the behaviors, attitudes identified, indicate that citizens' behaviors and rates The importance of the environment for them is in a desirable situation, but due to the lack of availability of conditions and the lack of biofilm infrastructure, the activities and biophysical awareness of undesirable citizens have been assessed. Because the biofilm behavior of citizens is affected by the local environment, the development of norms and infrastructure with a pro-environmental orientation will affect the multidimensional nature of citizenship.
Conclusion,
It can generally be concluded that citizens, if they are provided with the necessary conditions for the conduct of biofilm behavior, will act because evidence suggests that citizens in these areas are responsible for the conservation and development of nature in the area and are interested in doing Biofilm activities. Therefore, in order to create and develop a biophilic city with regard to its biofilm, while strengthening the infrastructure and providing an environment for the development and growth of citizens' bio-political activities and commitments, the curricula should be further focused on the aspect. Feelings and attitudes to the cognitive and knowledge side.It can generally be concluded that citizens, if they are provided with the necessary conditions for the conduct of biofilm behavior, will act because evidence suggests that citizens in these areas are responsible for the conservation and development of nature in the area and are interested in doing Biofilm activities. Therefore, in order to create and develop a biophilic city with regard to its biofilm, while strengthening the infrastructure and providing an environment for the development and growth of citizens' bio-political activities and commitments, the curricula should be further focused on the aspect. Feelings and attitudes to the cognitive and knowledge side.
Keywords.
Biophysical citizen, Biophylic city, Tehran city, 9th and 10th districts

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Bagheri, D.; Mohseni, R. A. and Mahdavi, M.S., 2018, Association of Socioeconomic Status and Pro – Environmental Behaviors in the Citizens of Gorgan, Iran, Jorjani Biomedicine Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, PP. 33-43.
  2. Beatley, T., 2009, Biophilic Urbanism: Inviting Nature Back to our Communities and into our lives, Willliam & Mary, Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol. 34, No. 1. PP. 209-238.
  3. Beatley, T., 2011, Biophilic cities: integrating nature into urban design and planing, washington, DC.
  4. Beatley, T., 2017, Handbook of Biophilic City Planning and Design, Island press, Washington, Covelo, London.
  5. Beatley, T. and Newman, P., 2013, Biophilic Cities Are Sustainable, Resilient Cities, Journal Sustainability,  Vol. 5, PP. 3328-3345.
  6. Berkowitz, A.; Ford, M. and Brewer, C., 2004, A framework for integrating ecological literacy, civics literacy and environmental citizenship in environmental education, from www.bioed.org/pubs/EE_chapter_berkowitz_et_al.
  7. Berkowitz, A. R.; Ford, M. E. and Brewer, C. A., 2005, A framework for integrating ecological literacy, civics literacy, and environmental citizenship in environmental education in etc.. Environmental Education and Advocacy, Changing Perspectives of Ecology and Education, Vol. 11, PP. 227-266.
  8. Bela, G.; Peltola, T.; Young, J.C.; Balázs, B.; Arpin, I.; Pataki, G.; Hauck, J.; Kelemen, E.; Kopperoinen, L.; Van Herzele, A.; Keune, H.; Hecker, S.; Suškevičs, M.; Roy, H.E.; Itkonen, P.; Külvik, M.; László, M.; Basnou, C.; Pino, J. and Bonn, A., 2016, Learning and the transformative potential of citizen science, Conserv. Biol., Vol. 30, PP. 990-999.
  9. Bonney, R.; Shirk, J.L.; Phillips, T.B.; Wiggins, A.; Ballard, H.L.; Miller-Rushing, A.J. and Parrish, J.K., 2014, Next steps for citizen science. Science, Vol. 343, PP. 1436-1437.

10. Carfagna, L. B.; Dubois, E. A.; Fitzmaurice, C.; Ouimette, M. Y.; Schor, J. B. and Willis, M., 2014, An emerging eco- habitus: the reconfiguration of high cultural capital practices among ethical consumers. Journal of Consumer Culture, Vol. 14, PP. 158-178.

11. Chandler, M.; See, L.; Copas, K.; Bonde, A.M.; López, B.C.; Danielsen, F.; Legind, J.K.; Masinde, S.; Miller-Rushing, A.J. and Newman, G., 2016, Contribution of citizen science towards international biodiversity monitoring, Biol. Conserv, Vol. 213, PP. 280-294.

12. Dobson, A., 2003, Citizenship and environment, New York: Oxford University Press.

13. Dobson, A., 2010, Environmental citizenship and pro – environmental behaviour: Rapid research and evidence review. Sustainable development research Network, London.

14. Dillon, J.; Stevenson, R.B. and Wals, A.E.J., 2016, Introduction to the special section Moving from Citizen to Civic Science to Address Wicked Conservation Problems, Conserv. Biol, Vol. 30, PP. 450-455.

15. Danielsen, F.; Pirhofer-Walzl, K.; Adrian, T.P.; Kapijimpanga, D.R.; Burgess, N.D.; Jensen, P.M.; Bonney, R.; Funder, M.; Landa, A.; Levermann, N. and Madsen, J., 2014, Linking public participation in scientific research to the indicators and needs of international environmental agreements, Conserv. Lett, Vol. 7, PP. 12-24.

16. Danial, B.; Reza, A. M. and Seyed, M.S.M., 2017, Association of Socioeconomic Status and Pro- Environmental Behaviors in the Citizens of Gorgan, Iran, Jorjani Biomedicine Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, PP. 33-43.

17. Forrester, T.D.; Baker, M.; Costello, R.; Kays, R.; Parsons, A.W. and McShea, W.J., 2017, Creating advocates for mammal conservation through citizen science, Biol. Conserv, Vol. 208, PP. 98-105.

18. Fromm, E., 1964, The beart of man, its genius for good and evil, New York, NY: Harper & Row

19. Hess- Quimbita, G. and Pavel, M., 1996, Assessing an environmental attitude development model: Factors influencing the environmental attitudes of college students. Paper Presented at the American Education Research Association Conference, April 8-12; USA. New York, PP. 1-53.

20. Hungerford, H. and Volk, T., 1990, Changing Learner behavior through environmental education. Paper presented at the Roundtable on Environmental Education at the World Conference on Education for All, sponsored by Unesco, UNICEF, and UNDP, Jomtien, Thailand, March, pp. 257-270.

21. Humphreys, D., 2009, Environmental and Ecological Citizenship in Civil Society, The International Spectator,  Vol. 44, No. 1, PP. 171-183.

22. Horton, D., 2003, Demonstrating Environmental Citizenship? A Study of Everyday life Among Green Activists. Presented to Citizenship and the Envirnment Workshop Environmental Politics Conference, University of Newcastle.

23. Jordan, R.C.; Ballard, H.L. and Phillips, T.B., 2012, Key issues and new approaches for evaluating citizen-science learning outcomes, Front. Ecol. Environ, Vol. 10, PP. 307-309.

24. Kullenberg, C. and Kasperowski, D., 2016, What is citizen science? A scientometric metaanalysis, PLoS One, Vol. 11, e0147152.

25. Lawson, H. and Scott, D., 2002, Introduction in Citizenship education and the curriculum, PP. 2- 6, Westport: Alex.

26. Matti, S. and Jagers, S.C., 2008, From Sustainable Consumers to Ecological Citizens: Identifying Values and Attitudes Supporting Individual Environmental Responsibility in Sweden, SHARP Research Programme, 1-26 .

27. Newson, S.E.; Evans, H.E.; Gillings, S.; Jarrett, D.; Raynor, R. and Wilson, M.W., 2017, Largescale citizen science improves assessment of risk posed by wind farms to bats in southern Scotland, Biol. Conserv, Vol. 215, PP. 61-71.

28. Pocock, M.J.O.; Tweddle, J.C.; Savage, J.; Robinson, L.D. and Roy, H.E., 2017, The diversity and evolution of ecological and environmental citizen science, PLoS One Vol. 12, e0172579.

29. Robert, P., 1993, The Thunder Tree: Lessons From an Urban Wildland, Boston: Houghton – Mifflin, PP. 146.

30. Strijbos, S., 2001, Global citizenship and the real world of technology, Technology in Society, Vol. 23, PP. 525-533.

31. Theobald, E.J.; Ettinger, A.K.; Burgess, H.K.; DeBey, L.B.; Schmidt, N.R.; Froehlich, H.E.; Wagner, C.; HilleRis Lambers, J.; Tewksbury, J.; Harsch, M.A. and Parrish, J.K., 2015, Global change and local solutions: tapping the unrealized potential of citizen science for biodiversity research, Biol. Conserv, Vol. 181, PP. 236-244.

32. Tally, K. G. and Femida., H., 2015, Environmental Philanthropy and Environmental Behavior in Five Countries: Is There Convergence Among Youth? VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,  Vol. 26, No. 4, PP. 1485-1509.

33. Trimble, M.and Berkes, F., 2013, Participatory research towards co-management: lessons from artisanal fisheries in coastal Uruguay, J. Environ. Manag, Vol. 128, PP. 768-778.

34. Teresa, G., 2018, Developing Ecological Citizenship: the Role of Political Agents Using Bronfenbrenners Bioecological Model, Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Public Policy and Public A dministration, Walden University.

35. Wilson, E.O., 1984, Biophilia, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA.

36. Weise, F.J.; Vijay, V.; Jacobson, A.P.; Schoonover, R.F.; Groom, R.J.; Horgan, J.; Keeping, D.; Klein, R.; Marnewick, K.; Maude, G.; Melzheimer, J.; Mills, G.; van der Merwe, V.; van der Meer, E.; van Vuuren, R.J.; Wachter, B. and Pimm, S.L., 2017, The distribution and numbers of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in southern Africa, PeerJ, 5, e4096.

37. Zapponi, L.; Cini, A.; Bardiani, M.; Hardersen, S.; Maura, M.; Maurizi, E.; De Zan, L.R.; Audisio, P.; Bologna, M. and Carpaneto, G., 2017, Citizen science data as an efficient tool for mapping protected saproxylic beetles. Biol. Conserv, Vol. 208, PP. 139-145.

38. Zydervelt, E., 2014, What defines a Biophilic Citizen?,  https://www.visitzealandia.com/Whats-On/ArtMID/1150/ArticleID/32/Biophilic-cities

39. Ziari, K.; Pourahmad, A.; Fotouhi Mehrabani, B. and Hosseini, A., 2018, Environmental sustainability in cities by biophilic city approach: a case study of tehran, International journal of urban sciences,  Vol. 22, No. 4, PP. 486-516.

 

Human Geography Research
Volume 52, Issue 3
October 2020
Pages 993-1008

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 25 May 2019
  • Accept Date: 25 May 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics