تحلیلی بر موانع اثرگذاری توسعه گردشگری در ایجاد محیط تاب ‏آور نواحی روستایی؛ مورد مطالعه: روستاهای هدف توسعه گردشگری اورامان شهرستان سروآباد

Problem statement

Tourism has not been able to play an effective role in improving the living standards of the villagers of Oraman region and also, lack of job opportunities, hidden unemployment, seasonal tourism employment, development of unhealthy and destructive tourism, labor migration, non-employment of women and social restrictions. At the same time, the high potential and undeniable capacity of tourism in the region is needed. by creating small businesses and a diverse environment in terms of economic opportunities, it paved the way for increasing the livelihood of the villagers. Given that pathology and accurate identification of the current situation, the first step is to solve this problem, why and how this situation occurs and the factors and obstacles should be effective; To be identified and analyzed so that, by adopting practical tourism strategies in the right direction, to be managed and planned and to create a livable environment, based on resilience for the villages of Oraman district. Accordingly, the main research question is what are the factors affecting the unsatisfactory situation of the resilience of the villages of Oraman district from the expansion of rural tourism?

Theoretical Foundations

Resilience: The concept of resilience with a forward-looking approach and by accepting the threats, shocks and constant changes that the livelihood of villagers face; it focuses on the dynamism of the villagers' livelihood and the need for its constant adaptation to these changes.

In deprived and border villages, such as the study area, where there are many infrastructural, economic and social weaknesses. the expansion of tourism can be considered as an effective tool to diversify their economy, and this diversification of the economy. Villages, which are associated with the creation of small businesses in its rural areas, can improve the status of social indicators and increase infrastructure by leaving economic effects, such as: creating employment and income and job opportunities And preserve the natural environment of the rural areas of the region and thus, create a livable environment for the rural areas that pave the way for their resilience. In fact, it is possible to move on the path of resilience in the villages of the region when at first; the environment provided them with opportunities to earn income and sustainability through diversified economic creation.

Research Methods

The present quantitative-qualitative research in the qualitative part has identified obstacles and problems affecting the ineffectiveness of tourism development in improving the resilience of rural areas targeted for tourism in the Orman section of Sarvabad County. In the quantitative part has confirmed and generalized these findings. In the qualitative section, in order to pathology of the current situation with 28 local experts (4 people), scientific experts in the region (6 people), officials of city government institutions (governorate, district, cultural heritage, agricultural jihad, housing foundation, villagers) (12 people), private sector investors active in the field of tourism in the region (3 people), small business owners in the field of tourism in the region (3 people).The selection of these people was purposeful and using the snowball method. Analysis of interviews that led to the extraction of barriers; it was done with the basic theory technique. Then, in the quantitative section, using the factor analysis test, the findings of the qualitative section were confirmed by distributing a related questionnaire among 80 members of the indicated groups, which were also determined by the method of snowmobile and snowball method. . The validity of the research was confirmed by distributing the questionnaire as a pre-test and also using the factor analysis test which is a kind of construct validity and also a reliability of 0.79.

Findings

In order to answer the main question of the research based on identifying the most important obstacles and problems facing the impact of tourism development in improving the resilience of tourism target villages in Oraman district of Sarvabad county, combining two basic theory techniques and factor analysis showed that a total of 62 barriers or The challenge is to face the favorable development of tourism in order to have a satisfactory effect on improving the resilience situation in the villages of the study area, which is in the form of four main factors: managerial inadequacies, poor planning and lack of services and facilities needed to Tourism development in the region; Weakness in providing financial resources and security environment in the villages of the region for economic diversification by using the tourism potential of the villages of the region; Social inadequacies and unsuitable business environment for rural economic diversification were summarized due to the use of tourism potential in rural areas and weakness in marketing and education and lack of demand for tourism development in rural areas.

Conclusion

The identified factors show that in order to improve the effectiveness of tourism activities in improving the level of resilience of the studied villages, in addition to improving the situation of tourism-related elements in the region, is necessary. Basically, tourism is considered as an activity in rural areas. The impact of which is in the group of creation and continuation of small businesses resulting from it, and accordingly, when the business environment in the region is not satisfactory. Tourism activities will not be able to create positive and satisfactory effects in order to improve the resilience of villages. Also, the existence of a security environment governing the management of this border area as an obstacle to a satisfactory effect of tourism development on improving the level of resilience of the studied villages. Initially, He saw tourism as a system and set, and all conditions and sub-categories (supply and demand) are closely related to each other, and if we intend to develop different types of tourism, we must see All elements and contexts, in terms of quantity and quality, should be convergent and supportive of each other in a suitable situation, contrary to the current situation in the region, where the threat-oriented view has led to the importance and role of diversification and development of villages based on their tourism potential.