Explaining the Local Model of the City Cluster Development (CCD) in the West Districts of ‎Tehran Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil, Architecture and Arts, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor of urban planning, Faculty of Arts and Islamic Sciences, Tehran University, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor of Urban Development, Faculty of Civil, Architecture and Arts, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Today, regions face major challenges in various fields, so planning for them is important and ‎inevitable. City cluster development is an urban-led approach that was proposed for achieving sustainable ‎economic and social development in the regions. This approach utilizes eight key factors for ‎identifying homogeneous urban centers for providing a joint development plan in the regions. The approach of CCD is a process of economic and social development which built-up a number of ‎human settlements that linked together. CCD responds to the new patterns of urban growth, which ‎are shifting from mono-centric to polycentric. Experiences show that at least eight key factors need ‎to be assessed to determine whether or not to use CCD as an instrument for urban-led, inclusive ‎economic and social development.
 ‎Many of the key factors of the precedure are closely related. Therefore, efforts to achieve economic and ‎social development through the CCD require a full understanding of various economic, social, ‎institutional and technological resources. Therefore, the present study investigates the history of ‎urban clusters and its relation with regional development.‎
In urban and regional planning, the emergence of city clusters is linked to the concept of an “urban ‎field,” which is composed of the economic and social influences emanating from a particular city. ‎The present study, given the concept of urban field in different period times, investigates the ‎dimensions and effective components of its recognition in five patterns. According to the study, ‎four factors of the main approach will be considered in identifying urban clusters and the rest in ‎planning time.‎
Methodology
An analysis of this approach is carried out at two levels:‎
‎1. The regional dimension includes the desired Districts. This section identifies which cities can be located in each ‎cluster in terms of performance and activity.‎
‎2. The local dimension that includes the cities located in each cluster and their characteristics in ‎four dimensions (demographic, social, economic and physical).‎
To analyze the alternatives of this research, Cluster Analysis approach has been used at the ‎regional level and the PROMETHEE technique in local level.‎
‎Results and discussion‎
‎The analysis of the results shows that the two main groups are within the scope of the study. The ‎cluster ‎ one consists of Shahriar, Malard and Rabat-Karim Districts. According to the survey, the ‎cities of this area have a good elevation, slope and climate, ‎but only Baghestan and Ferdosiye have ‎a suitable soil for agricultural activities; though there are ‎some agricultural activities in some of ‎these cluster cities like Shahriar and Malard. Furthermore, substantial industry activity is in ‎some cluster cities (like Mallard). The proper ‎activity for this area is agriculture and industry
Cluster number 2 covering the districts of Islamshahr, Qods and Baharestan, which have a geographical ‎distance from each other. This cluster includes Islamshahr, Chahardangeh, and other cities. The ‎cities of this cluster have a good elevation, slope and climate, but they have no fertile soil. ‎Therefore, the proper activity for this area is industry and services.
‎The second matrix is based on the cities located in each cluster and they are ranked using ‎Visual ‎PROMHETEE software. This ranking takes into account two other important factors in ‎regional ‎planning, human and space. ‎Mallard and Rabat Karim, ranked 2nd and 3rd, are in competition with the central city. Ranking of ‎the second cluster shows that Chahar-Dange, Ghods and Islamshahr cities ranked one ‎to three. ‎Thus, the central city of this cluster is Chahar-Dange and Quds and Islam Shahr.‎
Conclusion
In this approach (city cluster development), regional development create through interconnected or ‎separate urban areas. The link of urban centers in the form of urban clusters is related ‎to economic and potential activities (from a natural and artistic perspective). If the areas ‎are homogeneous in terms of dimensions and the studied indicators, planning for them will ‎be implemented in the form of a joint development plan. The city centers in the study areas may already ‎have been linked to a network of infrastructures.
‎The present study examined this issue in part of Tehran province. Tehran province, as one of the ‎most densely populated provinces of the country due to the establishment of the capital (Tehran ‎city), has undergone many changes. The most important of these changes are the abstraction of Karaj and its subordinate cities, the ‎emergence of Pardis, Ghods, Baharestan, and other cities   into independent districts, the formation of new ‎urban centers can create rural areas and new cities.‎
Therefore, by the city cluster development approach with considering porter diamond model ‎and effective factors in determining urban-fields, the administrative-political divisions analyzed and evaluated in the part of ‎Tehran province. The results of the analysis show that the study areas have a coordinate activity and can be divided into separate areas and cannot lead to coordinated development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. ابراهیم‌زاده، عیسی و احمد صحرایی جویباری، 1396، کاربرد روش PROMETHEE به‌عنوان رویکردی سازنده در تصمیم سازی و برنامه‌ریزی‌های منطقه‌ای (مطالعة موردی: شهر کوچک جویبار)، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، سال چهل‌و‌نهم، شمارة 2، صص 391-410.
  2. ازکیا، مصطفی و علیرضا دربان آستانه، 1393، روش‌های کاربردی تحقیق، جلد اول، چاپ سوم، انتشارات کیهان، تهران.
  3. پارسایی‌مقدم، حسنا، 1393، تدوین الگوی راهبرد توسعه منطقه‌ای (RDS) شهرستان همدان، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد رشتة برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس تهران
  4. داداش‌پور، هاشم و فرانک احمدی، 1389، رقابت‌پذیری منطقه‌ای به‌مثابه رویکردی نوین در توسعة منطقه‌ای، فصلنامة علمی- ترویجی راهبرد یاس، سال بیست‌و‌سوم، شمارة 22، صص 51-80.
  5. زرآبادی، زهرا سادات سعیده و سوده سادات طباطبائی، 1393، ساماندهی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان دماوند براساس شاخص‌های شبکة منطقه‌ای (با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک تاپسیس)، پژوهش‌های روستایی، سال پنجم، شمارة 2، صص ۴۴۵-۴۶۶.
  6. سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، 1395، مرکز آمار ایران.
  7. شیخی، محمد و رضا ویسی، 1395، بررسی و تحلیل سازمان فضایی نظام سکونتگاه‌های شهری استان گیلان، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، سال چهل‌و‌هشتم، شمارة 4، صص 717-732.
  8. کلانتری، خلیل، 1388، برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه منطقه‌ای (تئوری‌ها و تکنیک‌ها)، چاپ سوم، انتشارات خوش‌بین، تهران.
  9. کلانتری، خلیل و غلامحسین عبداله‌زاده، 1394، تحلیلی از مفاهیم کلیدی برنامه‌ریزی فضایی برنامه‌ریزی فضایی و آمایش سرزمین، چاپ سوم، انتشارات فرهنگ صبا، تهران.
  10. صرافی، مظفر، حسامیان، فرخ و غلامرضا کاظمیان، 1379، ضوابط و مقررات طرح مجموعة شهری تهران و شهرهای اطراف آن، وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، گزارش نهایی، شمارة 4.
  11. محمدی مهر، غلامرضا، 1394، روش تحلیل محتوا (راهنمای عملی تحقیق)، چاپ سوم،‌ انتشارات دانش‌نگار، تهران.
  12. مؤمنی، منصور و علیرضا شریفی‌سلیم، 1394، مدل‌ها و نرم‌افزارهای تصمیم‌گیری چند شاخصه، چاپ سوم، نشر مؤلف، تهران.
  13. مهندسین مشاور نقش محیط، 1395، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی رباط‌کریم، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  14. مهندسین مشاور آمایش محیط، 139۵، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی صالحیه، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  15. مهندسین مشاور آمایش محیط، 1395، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی نصیرشهر، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.‌
  16. مهندسین مشاور باوند، 1393، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی ملارد، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  17. مهندسین مشاور باوند، 1392، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی صفادشت، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  18. مهندسین مشاور باوند، 1392، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی شهریار، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  19. مهندسین مشاور پارسوماش پایدار، 1392، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی گلستان، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  20. مهندسین مشاور پی کده، 1393، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی اسلامشهر، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  21. مهندسین مشاور شارمند، 1392، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی باغستان، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  22. مهندسین مشاور گزینه، 1389، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی صباشهر، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  23. مهندسین مشاور گزینه، 1393، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی شاهدشهر، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  24. مهندسین مشاور نقش جهان پارس، 13۸۵، مطالعات طرح جامع چهاردانگه، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران.
  25. مهندسین مشاور هفت شهر ری، 1389، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی فردوسیه، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران
  26. مهندسین مشاور هفت شهر ری، 1389، مطالعات طرح تفصیلی وحیدیه، ادارة کل راه و شهرسازی استان تهران

27. Ebrahimzadeh, I., and Sahraei Jouybari, A., 2017, Using the PROMETHEE Method As a Constructive Approach in Regional Decision-Making and Planning, Case Study: the Small Towns of Jouybar, Vol. 49, No. 2, PP. 391-410. (In Persian)

28. Azkia M., and Darban-E Astaneh A., 2015, Applied Research Methodologies, Vol. I, Third Edition, Kayhan Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)

29. Parsaie Moghadam.H., 2014, Compilation of Regional Development Strategy Pattern (RDS) in Hamedan, MS Thesis, Tehran University of Tarbiat Modares. (In Persian)

30. Dadashpoor H., and Ahmadi F., 2010, Regional Competitiveness As a New Approach to Regional Development, Scientific-Extension Journal of Yas,Vol. 23, No. 22, PP. 51-80. (In Persian)

31. Zarabadi, S., and Tabatabaee, S., 2014, Organization of Rural Settlements of Damavand Based on Regional Network Indicators By Using TOPSIS Technique, Quarterly Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, PP. 445-466. (In Persian)

32. Population and Housing Census, 2016, Statistics Center of Iran. (In Persian)

33. Shaikhi, M., and Vaisi, R., 2017, Checking and Analysis of Spatial Organization and Structure of Urban Habitations of Guilan Province, Vol. 48, No. 4, PP. 717-732. (In Persian)

34. Kalantari, Kh., 2009, Regional Planning and Development (Theories and Techniques), Third Edition, Khoshbin Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)

35. Kalantari Kh., and Abdollahzadeh Gh., 2016, An Analysis of Key Concepts of Space Planning for Spatial Planning and Land Reconciliation, Third Edition, Farhang Saba Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)

36. Saraffaie, M., Hesamian, F., and Kazemian, Gh., 2000, Terms and Conditions of Urban Complex of Tehran and Its Surrounding Cities, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Final Report, No. 4. (In Persian)

37. Mohammadi Mehr Gh., 2016, Content Analysis Method (Practical Guide For Research), Third Edition, Daneshnegar Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)

38. Momeni, M. & Sharifi Salim A., 2016, Multi-Index Decision-Making Models and Software, Third Edition, Publisher Author, Tehran. (In Persian)

39. Naghshe-E-Moheet Counsulting Engineer, 2015, Robat Karim Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

40. Amayesh-E-Moheet Counsulting Engineer, 2015, Salehiye Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

41. Amayesh-E-Moheet Counsulting Engineer, 2015, NasirShahr Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran (In Persian)

42. Bavand Counsulting Engineer, 2013, Malard Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

43. Bavand Counsulting Engineer, 2012, Safadasht Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

44. Bavand Counsulting Engineer, 2012, Shahriyar Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

45. Parsoumash Counsulting Engineer, 2012, Golestan Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

46. Paykadeh Counsulting Engineer, 2013, Eslamshahr Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

47. Sharmand Counsulting Engineer, 2012, Baghestan Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

48. Gozineh Counsulting Engineer, 2009, Saba Shahr Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

49. Gozineh Counsulting Engineer, 2013, Shahed Shahr Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

50. Naghshe-E-Jahan-Pars Counsulting Engineer, 2005, Chahar Dange Master Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

51. Haft-Shahr-E-Rey Counsulting Engineer, 2009, Ferdosiyeh Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

52. Haft-Shahr-E-Rey Counsulting Engineer, 2009, Vahidiyeh Comprehensive Plan Studies, Ministry of Roath and Urban Development, Tehran. (In Persian)

53. Bentley, C., 2006, in Search of a Monocentric City Available, http://www.rupture.net/bentley/research/insearchomono.pdf.

54. Cave, W. R., 2005, Encyclopedia of the City, Routlege, USA and Canada.

55. Curds, D., 2003, Clusters and Cluster Policy - Regional Development, Universities and Strategies For Cluster Promotion, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Business School.

56. Choe, K., and Laquian, A., 2008, City Cluster Development: Toward An Urban-Led Development Strategy for Asia, Asian Development Bank, Philippines

57. Choe, K., and Roberts B., 2011, Competitive Cities in the 21st Century: Cluster-Based Local Economic Development, Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines

58. Copus, A., 2012, Urban-Rural Relationships in the New Century: Claryfying and Updating the Intervention Logic, Paper Presented At the European Seminar on Sustainable Urban-Rural Partnerships, Metz, France.

59. Davoudi, S., 2006, European Briefing: Polycentricity in European Spatial Planning: From An Analytical Tool to a Nor­mative Agenda, European Planning Studies, Vol. 11, No. 8, PP. 979-999.

60. Doloreux, D., Shearmur, R., and Figueiredo, D., 2016, Québec’ Coastal Maritime Cluster: Its Impact on Regional Economic Development 2001–2011, Marine Policy, Vol. 71, PP. 201-209

61. Douglass, M., 1998, A Regional Network Strategy for Reciprocal Rural –Urban Linkeages: An Agenda for Policy Research with Reference to Indonesia, Reciprocal Rural-Urban Linkages, TWPR, Vol. 20, No.1, PP. 1-33.

62. Hall, P., 2005, The World’s Urban Systems: A European Perspective, Global Urban Development,Vol.1, No. 1, PP. 1-12

63. Hall, P., Pain, K., 2006, The Polycentric Metropolis: Learning From Mega-City Regions in Europe, Earthscan in the UK and USA, London.

64. Hemmati, N., 2012, Towards Regional Synergy: Potentials For Polycentric Development in Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR), Supervisors: Stephen Read and Evert Meijers, Master Thesis, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urbanism, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.

65. Laquian, A., 2008, The Planning and Governance of Asia’s Mega-Urban Regions, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, NewYork.

66. Parr, J., 2010, The Polycentric Urban Region: A Closer Inspection, Regional Studies, Vol. 38, PP. 231-240.

67. Shitrael Mushi, N., 2003, Regional Development Through Rural-Urban Linkage: the Dar-Es Salaam Impact Region, Master Thesis, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Geography, University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

68. Shukla, K.P., 2013, A Comparative Analysis of Regional Industrial Development: Pre and Post Economic Reforms with Special Reference to Gujarat, Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Faculty of Arts, the Gujarat University Ahmedabad.

69. Wei, L., 2012, Secondary Cities in Polycentric Urban Region by Means of a Comparative Study Between Suzhouwuxichangzhou Region and the Randstad, Master Thesis, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urbanism, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

70. Zhi, D., Chen, K., 2011, Beijing- the Forming of a Polycentric Megacity, Supervisor: Jan-Evert Nilsson, Master Thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskron.

71. Zhikharevich, B. S., Rusetskaya, O. V., and Mladenovic, N., 2015, Clustering Cities Based on Their Development Dynamics and Variable Neigborhood Search, Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 47, PP. 213–220.

Human Geography Research
Volume 51, Issue 4
January 2020
Pages 951-967

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 02 February 2018
  • Revise Date: 03 April 2018
  • Accept Date: 03 April 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics