systemic approach in spatial planning of rural development according to the structural-functional approach

Document Type : بنیادی(Stem, Basic)

Authors

1 Department of Geography / Faculty of Earth Sciences / Shahid Beheshti University / Tehran / Iran

2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

systemic approach in spatial planning of rural development according to the structural-functional approach
Dr. Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, 09123471445, h_mohammadi@sbu.ac.ir.
Dr. Rahmatollah Monshizadeh, Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, 09124358631, r_monshizadeh@yahoo.com.
Dr. Bijan Rahmani, Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, 09125167853, bijan.rahmani11@gmail.com.
Mohsen Pakparvar, Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Amayesh, 09171171280 pakparvar_mohsen@yahoo.com

Extended abstract
Introduction


Extended abstract
Introduction
Many experts believe that in order to achieve rural development, it is necessary to pay attention to various fields and factors that interact with each other (Ratan, 1997: 6). A system is anything that derives its form and coherence from the current interactions of its components. According to the main subject of geographical studies, namely the human-environmental system, to discover this nature, it is necessary for the researcher to know the environment and human well, to determine the relationship between the two or the role of each in this system (Ajaghloo Ajaghloo, 2016). A review of research conducted in rural development programs shows a lack of attention to the environmental dimension of rural development in the laws of all programs (Fatah Elahi, Vamiri Police Station, 1396, attention to the development of structures and physical manifestations and disregard for goals Functionality, human beings and rural people (Rahimi and Tavassoli, 2012), and the effect of contextual variables of policy-making environment on the nature and structural variables (Omidi, 2012) are the characteristics and policies adopted in rural development. Lack of a comprehensive model for sustainable rural development leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of rural development programs and in addition to the negative population growth rate in these areas has led to migration and issues such as urban slums and declining population active in the strategic sector of agriculture and production. Will have. Therefore, in order to reduce discrimination and economic and social inequalities in rural areas and national-regional and local development, provide a coherent model consisting of interaction and interrelationships between the environment and inside the system, paying attention to the structures and functions of the space system with spatial interfaces and Systematically guided non-space is mandatory. Village, rural development and development planning are all systemic concepts. Therefore, recognizing them and any action to create the desired change in them requires a proper attitude. The central premise of the present study is that the systemic approach with respect to the structural-functional approach is a suitable model for recognizing and developing and sustainable development of rural areas and subsequently creating the desired change in it.

Methodology

The present article is fundamental research in nature and applied research in purpose. Systemic approach provides a methodological framework for research and study on the construction and operation of a system; And allows geographers to construct a new form of geographical comprehensiveness as a methodological tool.
Results and discussion
In general, with a review of the projects in rural spatial development and the systemic approach proposed in the present study, the following issues were raised in rural planning. Rural development goals require social justice, facilitating agricultural development along with the expansion of trade and urban industries, and therefore more attention is paid to the economic development of small and medium-sized cities as a link between urban and rural economy can be comprehensive development and balanced distribution. Accelerate interests (Randinley, 1118: 1918). Therefore, paying attention to strengthening the interconnection and interaction between cities and villages is one of the requirements of rural development, which by adopting integrated policies of balanced urban and rural growth and development, as well as economic and social strengthening of small towns to serve the surrounding villages. it's related to. - Paying attention to the system of program production as a functional component that is important based on the form and scope of relationships and how to meet local and regional needs and stimulate motivational factors. Rural planning to achieve the goals of spatial-physical and economic-social organization of rural settlements requires attention to structural-functional approaches in rural areas.

Emphasizing the need for a systemic approach using a structural-functional approach and its relationship to spatial planning, the basic discussion is to provide a definition of the position, roles and interrelationships between system components. 1- Rural functions-structures and internal-external links in the field of rural planning and development can be studied in two axes of strategic policies and indicators of rural spatial organization at the village level with economic, social and physical subsystems. It is related to service functions and service distribution. 2- Paying attention to the factors of spatial-functional vacuum of rural services at the land level in the field of rural planning and development can be traced with service range indices and population threshold, and with regional results The village is related. Organizing existing diversity in terms of regional resources, regional needs and capabilities, division of labor between urban and rural sectors are systematically guided through institutional and managerial structures. 3- Popular institutionalization is one of the internal factors and inputs of the system that includes the support of indigenous knowledge. Institutional approach of participation in order to encourage the motivations of the system that stimulates its internal and external functioning by building structural and operational capacity along with changing the planning system to a region leads to comprehensive and balanced improvement of different parts of the village and local institutional development , Provides national and regional.
Conclusion
Realization of rural development is made possible by a complete set of coherent patterns of capital distribution in the village, organizations, institutions that are accompanied by a series of appropriate external links. A systemic approach in spatial planning that is a related set of various structures and functions with the aim of reducing discrimination and economic and social inequalities in rural areas and national-regional and local development and recognizing the spatial vacuum - mandatory rural service functions Is. A system in spatial planning with a structural-functional approach with a comprehensive understanding of the space organization, provides the basis for local, national and regional institutional development.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. آسایش، حسین، 1381، اصول و روشهای برنامهریزی روستایی، چ 5، انتشارات پیام نور.
  2. آلمیندینگر، فیلیپ. 2009، نظریه ی برنامهریزی، ترجمه ی الهام بهمن تیموری، 1397، تهران: آذرخش.
  3. اجاقلو، رحیم و اجاقلو، مصطفی، 1395، رویکرد سیستمی در جغرافیا و تحلیل فضایی شهرها، دومین کنگرة بین‏المللی علوم زمین و توسعة شهری، پژوهشکدة جهاد دانشگاهی واحد استان آذربایجان شرقی.
  4. استعلاجی، علیرضا، 1389، برنامه‏ریزی جامع آمایش سرزمین با تأکید بر نگرش سیستمی، فصل‏نامة علمی- پژوهشی جغرافیا، صص 72-88.
  5. افراخته، حسن، 1390، برنامهریزی سکونتگاههای روستایی، پرهام نقش.
  6. امیدی، رضا، 1391، تحلیل برنامه‏های عمران و توسعة ایران از منظر مؤلفه‏های برنامه‏ریزی اجتماعی، فصل‏نامة علمی- پژوهشی برنامه و بودجه، 4(14)، 97-114.
  7. امین مقدم، محبوبه، 1390، روند تبدیل روستاها به شهر با تأکید بر تحول کالبدی- فضایی؛ نمونة موردی؛ روستا- شهر دابو دشت، شهرستان آمل، مجموعه مقالات اولین کنفرانس بین‏المللی سکونتگاه‏های روستایی: مسکن و بافت، بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی.
  8. بدری، سیدعلی؛ رضوانی، محمدرضا و خدادادی، پروین، 1397، تحلیل محتوای سیاست‏های فضایی توسعة روستایی کشور پس از انقلاب، فصل‏نامة علمی برنامهریزی فضایی(جغرافیا)، سال نهم، شمارة اول، پیاپی 32، صص 1-24.
  9. پاپلی یزدی، محمدحسین و ابراهیمی، محمد امیر، 1381، نظریة نظریههای توسعة روستایی، تهران: سمت.
  10. پورطاهری، مهدی و نقوی، محمدرضا، 1390، توسعة کالبدی سکونتگاه‏های روستایی با رویکرد توسعة پایدار (مفاهیم، نظریه‏ها، راهبردها)، مسکن و روستا، شمارة 137، صص 53-70.
  11. جمعه‏پور، محمود، 1384، نگرش سیستمی به روستا و توسعة روستایی، روستا و توسعه، سال هشتم، شمارة 1، صص 55-80.
  12. راتن،طرح‏های توسعة همه‏جانبة روستایی، دورنمای تاریخی، ترجمة عبدالحمید هاشمی علیا، فصل‏نامة روستا و توسعه، شمارة 2، تهران: مرکز تحقیقات و بررسی مسائل روستایی وزارت جهاد سازندگی.
  13. رحیمی، منیژه و توسلی، فردوس، 1391، بررسی نقش و جایگاه توسعة روستایی در برنامه‏های پنج‏سالة توسعه، چهارمین همایش علمی سراسری دانشجویی جغرافیا، تهران. -https://www.civilica.com/Paper
  14. رضوانی، محمدرضا، 1395، ارزیابی سیاست سکونتگاه‎های مرکزی در برنامة برنامه‏ریزی و توسعة نواحی روستایی، پژوهش پژوهشهای جغرایایی، شمارة 35، صص 95-108.
  15. رضوانی، محمدرضا، 1383، مقدمه‏ای بر برنامه‏ریزی روستایی در ایران، انتشارات قدس.
  16. رضوی‏زاده، سیدنورالدین، 1394، طراحی نظام پایش فرایند توسعة روستایی، ﺗﻬﺮان: وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزی.
  17. رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا؛ دیانی، لیلا و افتخاری، احسان، 1395، تحلیل محتوایی حقوق شهروندی روستایی در برنامه‏های پنج‏سالة توسعة اجتماعی، اقتصادی، و فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، نشریة برنامه‏ریزی و آمایش فضا، (2)20، 191-
  18. رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمدالله و صادقلو، طاهره، 1392، تحلیل محتوایی جایگاه توسعة پایدار روستایی در برنامه‏های توسعة روستایی ایران، نشریة برنامه‏ریزی و آمایش فضا، (2) 20، 191-205.
  19. رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا؛ محمودی، سمیرا؛ غفاری، غلامرضا و پورطاهری، مهدی، 1393، تبیین الگوی فضایی سرمایة اجتماعی در توسعة پایدار روستایی مورد: روستاهای استان خراسان رضوی، فصل‏نامة اقتصاد فضا و توسعة روستایی، سال چهارم، شمارة یک، صص 87-107.
  20. رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا و بوذرجمهری، خدیجه، 1384، تحلیل جایگاه دانش بومی در توسعة پایدار روستایی، برنامه‏‏ریزی و آمایش فضا، جلد 9، شمارة 1، صص 17-45.
  21. رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا؛ محمودی، سمیرا و پورطاهری، مهدی، 1394، تبیین الگوی فضایی سرمایة اجتماعی در توسعة پایدار روستایی، مورد: روستاهای استان خراسان رضوی، فصل‏نامة اقتصاد فضا و توسعة روستایی، سال چهارم، شمارة 1، صص 87-107.
  22. زاهدی، محمدجواد؛ غفاری، غلامرضا و ابراهیمی لویه، عادل، 1391، کاستی‏های نظری برنامه‏ریزی توسعة روستایی در ایران، پژوهشهای روستایی، 4 (12)، 1-24.
  23. زیاری، کرامت‏الله، 1396، اصول و روش‏های برنامه‏ریزی منطقه‏ای، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
  24. سعیدی، عباس، 1388، نقش عوامل جغرافیایی در ناپایداری، پژوهشهای جغرافیایی، شمارة 13.
  25. سعیدی، عباس و صدوق، سیدحسن، 1385، نظام فضایی به‏مثابة جوهرة مطالعات جغرافیایی، انجمن جغرافیایی ایران، شمارة 10 و 11، صص 7-20.
  26. سعیدی، عباس، 1393، ده مقاله در شناخت سکونتگاه‏های روستایی، تهران: مهر مینو.
  27. سعیدی، عباس، 1388، مبانی جغرافیای روستایی، چ 11، تهران: سمت.
  28. سعیدی، عباس، 1393، پویش ساختاری- کارکردی رویکردی نظام‏وار در مطالعات مکانی- فضایی، نشریة انجمن جغرافیا، شمارة 13.
  29. سعیدی، عباس، 1390، پویش ساختاری- کارکردی رویکردی بی‏بدیل در برنامه‏ریزی فضایی، فصل‏نامة اقتصاد فضا و توسعة روستایی، سال یکم، شمارة 1، صص 1-18.
  30. سعیدی، عباس و حسینی حاصل، صدیقه، 1388، شالودة مکان‏یابی و استقرار روستاهای جدید، چ 2، تهران: شهیدی.
  31. شکوئی، حسین، 1375، اندیشه‏های نو در فلسفۀ جغرافیا، تهران: انتشارات گیتاشناسی.
  32. فتح‏اللهی کلام بحری، سعدی؛ کلانتری، خلیل و امیری، علی، 1396، تحلیل محتوای قوانین عمران روستایی در برنامه‏های توسعة اجتماعی، اقتصادی، و فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، مجلة تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعةکشاورزی ایران، ۱: 2-48،
  33. فرجی راد، خدر؛ کاظمیان، غلام‏رضا و رکن‏الدین افتخاری، عبدالرضا، 1390، آسیب‏شناسی سیاست‎های توسعة منطقه‎ای در ایران از دیدگاه رویکرد نهادی، فرایند مدیریت توسعه، دورة 6، شمارة 2، صص 27-58.
  34. کلانتری، خلیل‏الله و عبدالله‏زاده، غلام‏حسین، 1391، برنامه‏ریزی فضایی و آمایش سرزمین، تهران: فرهنگ صبا.
  35. مرکز پژوهش‏های مجلس شورای اسلامی، 1386، گزارش تحلیلی طرح تأسیس سازمان توسعة روستایی (بند الف مادة 19 برنامة چهارم توسعة اقتصادی، اجتماعی، و فرهنگی ج.ا.ا)، مؤسسة توسعة روستایی ایران، گزارش منتشرشدة محدود.
  36. مرکز پژوهش‏های مجلس شورای اسلامی، 1395، بررسی وضعیت روستاها در ایران، تهران.
  37. مرعشی، سیدجعفر، 1388، تفکر سیستمی و ارزیابی کارآمدی آن در جامعه و سازمان، تهران: سازمان مدیریت صنعتی.
  38. معصومی اشکوری، سیدحسن، 1391، اصول و مبانی برنامه‏ریزی منطقه‏ای، نشر پیام.
  39. هاروی، دیوید، 1376، عدالت اجتماعی و شهر، ترجمة فرخ حسامیان، تهران: شرکت پردازش و برنامه‏ریزی شهری.
  40. Afrakhteh, Hassan, 2011, Planning of rural settlements. Parham Naghsh.
  41. Ajaghloo, Rahim and Ajaghloo, Mustafa, 2017, A systemic approach in geography and spatial analysis of cities, Second International Congress of Earth Sciences and Urban Development. East Jihad University Jihad Research Institute, Azarbayajan.
  42. Amin Moghadam, Mahboubeh, 2011, The process of transforming villages into cities with emphasis on physical-spatial evolution; Case; Village - Dabo Dasht city, Amol city. Proceedings of the International Conference on Rural Settlements: Housing and Texture, Publisher, Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution.
  43. Asayesh, Hossein, 2002, Principles and methods of rural planning, Payame Noor Publications, fifth edition.
  44. Badri, Seyed Ali; Rezvani, Mohammad Reza and Khodadadi, Parvin, 2018, Content analysis of spatial policies of rural development of the country after the revolution. Scientific Quarterly of Spatial Planning (Geography), Ninth Year, First Issue, Consecutive 32, pp. 1-24.
  45. Berger, Gu., 1994, Social structure and rural develoment in the third world, Cambrdge university.
  46. Douglass, M., 1998, A Regional Network Strategy for Reciprocal Rural-Urban Linkages: An Agenda for Policy Research with Reference to Indonesia, Third World Planning Review, 20 (1), 1-33.
  47. Estalaji, Alireza, 2010, Comprehensive land planning planning with emphasis on systemic approach, Journal of , pp. 88-72.
  48. Faraji Rad, Khedr; Kazemian, Gholamreza and Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza, 2011, Pathology of regional development policies in Iran from the perspective of institutional approach. Development Management Process, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 27-58.
  49. Fathullah Kalam Bahri, Saadi. Kalantari, Khalil and Amiri, Ali, 2017, Analysis of the content of civil law in the social, economic and cultural development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iranian Journal of Economic Research and Development, 1: 2-48, 77-67.
  50. Geography
  51. Harvey, David, 1997, Social Justice and the City, translated by Farrokh Hesamian, Tehran: Urban Processing and Planning Company.
  52. Jamehpour, Mahmoud, 2005, A systemic approach to the village and rural development, Rural and Development, Year 8, No. 1, pp. 55-80.
  53. Kalantari, Khalilullah and Abdullahzadeh, Balamhossein, 2012, Spatial Planning and Land Management, Tehran: Farhang Saba.
  54. Marashi, Seyed Jafar, 1388, Systems thinking and evaluating its effectiveness in society and organization, Tehran, Industrial Management Organization.
  55. Martin, R., 2012, Regional Economic Resilience, Hysteresis and Recessionary Shocks, Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 12, pp. 1-3.
  56. Masoumi Eshkevari, Seyed Hassan, 2012, Principles and bases of regional planning, Payam Publishing.
  57. Omidi, Reza, 2012, Analysis of Iran's Development Programs from the Perspective of Social Planning Components, Journal of Planning and Budget, 4(14), 114-97.
  58. Papli Yazdi, Mohammad Hossein and Ebrahimi, Mohammad Amir, 2002, Theory of Rural Development Theories, Tehran: Samat Publications.
  59. Poor Taheri, Mehdi and Naghavi, Mohammad Reza, 2011, Physical development of rural settlements with a sustainable development approach (concepts, theories, strategies). Housing and village, No. 137, pp. 70-53.
  60. Rahimi, Manijeh and Tavassoli, Ferdows, 2012, A Study of the Role and Position of Rural Development in Five-Year Development Plans, Fourth National Scientific Conference on Student Geography, Tehran, -https: //www.civilica.com/Paper.
  61. Ratan, Vernon, 1997, Comprehensive Rural Development Plans, Historical Perspective, translated by Abdolhamid Hashemi Olya, Quarterly Journal of Rural and Development, No. 2, Tehran: Rural Research and Study Center of the Ministry of Jihad Sazandegi.
  62. Razavizadeh, Seyed Noureddin, 2015, Designing a Rural Development Process Monitoring System, Tehran, Ministry of Agriculture.
  63. Reimer and Brett, 2013, Scientific Knowledge and Rural Policy: A Long-distant Relationship, Sociologia Ruralis, Vol. 53, N 3, European Society for Rural Sociology.
  64. Reimer, B. and Markey, S., 2008, Place-based Policy: A Rural Perspective; 7 November 14 Pages with49pageAppendix (Ottawa, On: Human Resources and Social Development Canada), Aavailableon:https://www.crcresearch.org/filescrcresearch_v2/ReimerMarkeyRuralPlaceBasedPolicySummaryPaper20081107.pdf.
  65. Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, 2007, Analytical Report of the Establishment Plan of the Rural Development Organization (Paragraph A of Article 19 of the Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran), Rural Development Institute of Iran, Limited Published Report.
  66. Research Center of the Islamic Consultative, 2016, A Study of the Situation of Villages in Iran, Tehran.
  67. Rezvani, Mohammad Reza, 2004, Introduction to Rural Planning in Iran, Quds Publications.
  68. Rezvani, Mohammad Reza, 2016, Assessing the policy of central settlements in the planning and development program of rural areas. Geographical Research, No. 35, pp. 108-95.
  69. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdarreza; Mahmoudi, Samira; Ghaffari, Gholamreza and Portaheri, Mahdi, 2014, Explaining the spatial pattern of social capital in sustainable rural development: Villages of Khorasan Razavi province. Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, Fourth Year, No. 1, pp. 87-87.
  70. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza and Bouzar Jamhari, Khadijeh, 2005, Analysis of the position of indigenous knowledge in sustainable rural development. Space planning and planning, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 17-45.
  71. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, AbdolReza; Diani, Leila and Eftekhari, Ehsan, 2016, Content analysis of rural citizenship rights in the five-year social, economic and cultural development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, (2) 20, 205-191.
  72. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza; Mahmoudi, Samira and Portaheri, Mehdi, 2015, Explaining the Spatial Pattern of Social Capital in Sustainable Rural Development, Case: Villages of Khorasan Razavi Province, Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, Fourth Year, No. 1, pp. 87-107.
  73. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, AbdolReza; Sajasi Qedari, Hamdallah and Sadeghloo, Tahereh, 2013, Content analysis of the place of sustainable rural development in rural development programs in Iran, Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, (2) 20, 195-205.
  74. Rondinelli, Dennis A 1983. Rural development strategy paper: Considerations for program design and implementation. Washington: USAID
  75. Saeedi, Abbas and Hosseini Hasil, Sedigheh, 2010, The foundation of locating and establishing new villages, Tehran: Shahidi Publications, second edition.
  76. Saeedi, Abbas and Hosseini Hasil, Sedigheh, 2010, The foundation of locating and establishing new villages, Tehran: Shahidi Publications, second edition.
  77. Saeedi, Abbas and Sadough, Seyed Hassan, 2006, Spatial system as the essence of geographical studies. Izan Geographical Association, Nos. 10 and 11, pp 07-20.
  78. Saeedi, Abbas, 2009, Fundamentals of Rural Geography. Tehran: Samat Publications, 11th edition.
  79. Saeedi, Abbas, 2009, The role of geographical factors in instability, Geographical Research, No. 13.
  80. Saeedi, Abbas, 2012, Structural-Functional Scanning is an Unmatched Approach in Spatial Planning, Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, Year 1, No. 1, pp. 1-18.
  81. Saeedi, Abbas, 2014, Structural-functional scanning of a systematic approach in spatial-spatial studies, Journal of the Geography Association, No. 13.
  82. Saeedi, Abbas, 2014, Ten Articles in Recognizing Rural Settlements, Tehran: Mehr Minoo Publications.
  83. Shokouei, Hossein, 1996, New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography, Tehran: Gitashenasi Publications.
  84. Sumner, Jennifer, 2001, Challenges to sustainbility: The impacts of corporate of globalization on rural communities, Rural extension studies, University of Guelph .www .uoguelph.ca.
  85. Tacoli, C., 2005, Rural-urban interactions: a guide to the literature, Journal of Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-20.
  86. Zahedi, Mohammad Javad; Ghaffari, Gholamreza and Ebrahimi Loyeh, Adel, 2012, Theoretical shortcomings of rural development planning in Iran, Rural Research, 4 (12), 1-24.
  87. Ziari, Keramatollah, 2017, Principles and Methods of Regional Planning, Tehran: University of Tehran Press.