The effect of Tamarchin frontier market on physical development of Piranshahr over 2006-2014

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran

Abstract

The effect of Tamarchin frontier market on physical development of Piranshahr over 2006-2014

Introduction
Common frontier markets are considered as the major factors that transform frontier cities and are booming the economy of these regions. Therefore, frontier markets play an essential role in developing the economy, promoting peace and stability, increasing security, and improving infrastructure and services in these regions. Activation of these markets leads to greater economic growth for frontier cities, i.e. a trend that results in economic development and urban growth. There is no doubt that development of economic activities leads to an increase in employment and to a large extent causes population and urbanization growth. On the other hand, there is a direct correlation between increasing growth of urbanization and physical development of cities. In other words, indiscriminate and unsustainable development of cities leads to growth of suburbs, destruction of urban green areas, and rising demand for urban land. Therefore, it can be stated that the economy of a city is an effective factor in growth of urban lands and physical development.
Activation of Tamarchin frontier market resulted in a fundamental change in the economy of Piranshahr. And employment and the revenues from Tamarchin boundary and domestic market transformed the economy of the town. Therefore, in recent years high level of employment in Piranshahr has made it one of the population absorbers in the area, a fact indicated by population changes. Due to increasing need of the immigrants to accommodation and shelter and disorganized constructions along with real estate activities, urban development has been pushed toward Northeast, East, South, and Southeast where there is no physical development limit. This physical development has swallowed up the agricultural lands and "Shin Abad" village has been affected by this development and integrated into the town. On the other hand, due to this physical development of the town toward flat and fertile plains, land cover has been changed and agricultural lands have been destroyed.
In this regard, the present study is aimed at investigating the effect of Tamarchin frontier market growth on immigration to Piranshahr and its physical development whereby the main hypothesis of the study – development of Tamarching frontier market has caused immigration to Piranshahr and its physical development to increase – can be answered.
Method
In terms the aim, the present study is an applied one and in terms of the method and nature it is descriptive-analytical. According to the title of the study, required data have been collected through library and documentation procedures, survey techniques, and satellite images and were analyzed through bi-variate logistic regression and Holden models and SPSS. The procedures are as follow:
Survey techniques are utilized in order to evaluate opinion of Piranshahr residents on the effect of Tamarchin frontier market on physical development of the town. The sample size has been determined through Cochran formula to be 384 individuals. Collected data have been analyzed through bi-variate logistic regression and Holdern models using SPSS. Moreover, in order to identify the pattern of physical development of the town, periodical land cover maps retrieved from Landsat satellite, satellite images of ETM+TM (2006 and 2014) were analyzed using IDRISI software. In addition, Holdern model has been used in order to explain the issue more and identify this issue that development of Piranshahr has been due to population increase or its density pattern.
Discussion
Discussion of the study findings begins with a short review of population changes of Piranshahr and the performance of Tamarchin frontier market so that an overview of the market is achieved. Then, in order to determine the effects of the development of Tamarchin frontier market on population absorption of the town, collected data retrieved from Piranshahr residents have been utilized to see whether the market development has affected the population absorption and physical development of the town or not. In so doing, bi-variate logistic regression model in SPSS has been applied.
In the next phase, the pattern of physical development of the town has been identified through satellite images and Holdern urban development model. This model has also been utilized to determine the proportion of the town development and its population.
Conclusion
By developing the economy of frontier cities, frontier markets create a high level of employment in these regions, which results in a large population to be absorbed in order to find appropriate jobs and gain higher income. It is vivid that as population absorption increases, demand for urban land rises. Therefore, increasing growth of urbanization is directly correlated with physical development of cities. In other words, indiscriminate and unsustainable development of cities leads to growth of suburbs, encroachment on the lands around the city, destruction of urban green areas, and rising demand for urban land. Therefore, it can be stated that the economy of a city and its growth are effective factors in land and physical development of the city.
In this regard, the present study is aimed at investigating the effect of Tamarchin frontier market growth on immigration to Piranshahr and its physical development. The results of integrating data collected from surveying and logistic regression model in SPSS have presented important information on the pattern and trend of land cover change and proved the fact that Tamarchin frontier market and the resulted economic growth in recent years have created a high level of employment which is an essential factor in immigration to Piranshahr and in fact "its physical development". This rapid urban development has cause Shin Abad village to get integrated in Piranshahr. Moreover, the results gained from Holdern model, further explaining the issue, have indicated that development of Piranshahr is mostly caused by population increase (- 0.997) rather than by the patterns of urban development. Although Shin Abad has integrated into Piranshahr and 190 Acres has been added to the town during 2005-2014, 118 Acres of this area (62% of the total area added to the town) have been unofficial settlement. However, the town's development has not been comprehensive and the town has not experienced spiral development.
Keywords: Physical Development, Tamarchin Border Market, Piranshahr city.

Keywords


  1. Abedin Darkoush, Saeid, 1993, Introduction to the Urban Economics, Second Edition, Academic Publication, Tehran.
  2. Aboubakari, Taher, 2011, Evaluating the possibilities and the limitations of urban development in border areas Case Study (Piranshahr), MS Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography, Tehran University.
  3. Amer, Sh.; Kuffer, M.S. and Monika, R., 2013, Modelling Urban Change in Growth in KATHMANDU Valley: Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Urban Planning and Management. Netherlands.
  4. Andalib, Alireza, 2001, Basic theory and principles of spatial planning in border areas of Iran, Islamic Revolution Iranian Revolutionary Guards Command and General Staff College, Tehran.
  5. Anderson, R.; Hardy, E.; Rocah, T. and Witmer, E., 1982, A Land Use And Land Cover Classification System For Use with Remote Sensor Data.(http://usgs.gov/pdf/anderson.pdf)
  6. Badr, Reza, 2000, Using (GIS and RS) to determine the physical expansion of Razi, MA thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran.
  7. Bahman Pour, Human and Moharramnejad, Naser, 2007, Sustainable development, urban green spaces in Tehran, Proceedings of the First Conference of improving city environments.
  8. Bemanian, Mohammad and Mahmoudinejad, Hadi, 2008, Theories of urban physical development, Organization of national municipalities and counties.
  9. Boumnegar Pars Consulting Engineers, 2012, Comprehensive development and architecture of Piranshahr, Volume I, Report on the situation, the Ministry of Urban Development, Department of Roads and Urban Development in Western Azarbaijan province.
  10. Chandoevwit, W.; Yongyuth, Ch. and Srawooth, P., 2004, Thailland's Cross Border Economy, A Case Study of Sa Kaeoand ChaingRa; Thailland Development Resource Institute (TDRI).
  11. Cheng, J. and Masser, I., 2004, Understanding spatial and temporal processes of urban growth, Cellular automatamodeling.
  12. Cheng, J., 2003, Modelling Spatial & Temporal Urban Growth, Doctoral Dissertation, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University.
  13. Delshab, Hussein, 1997, Urban development and its impact on environment of Bushehr, MS Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, martyr Beheshti University in Tehran.
  14. Dubovyk, O.; Sliuzas, R. and Flacke, J., 2013, Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Informal Settlement Development in Sancaktepe District, Istanbul, Turkey. Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 66, No. 2, PP. 235-246.
  15. Executive Bylaw of Border Market, 1992, General Administration of Import and Export Regulations, Ministry of National Trading.
  16. E'temad, Gity, 2000, Urbanization in Iran, Agah Publications, Tehran.
  17. Hansen, N. M., 1975, An Evaluation of Growth Center Theory and Practice, Environment and Planning, No. 7, PP. 21-32.
  18. Hataminezhad, Hossein and Sheikhi, Abdollah, 2013, Intervention techniques in urban distressed areas, Case Study: Piranshahr, Fifth Conference on Urban Planning and Management, May, Mashhad.
  19. Hatminezhad, Hossein; Rabbani, Taha; Mohammadi Varzaneh, Naser and Asadi, Saleh, 2012, Physical Development in Varzaneh and provision of strategies for future development of the city, Land use planning Journal, Vol. IV, Issue II, PP. 53-74.
  20. Hu, Z. and Lo, C.P., 2007, Modeling Urban Growth in Atlanta Using Logistic Regression, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Vol. 31, No. 6, PP. 667-688.
  21. Huang, B.; Zhang, L. and Wu, B., 2009, Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rural-Urban Land Conversion, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 23, No. 3, PP. 379-398.
  22. Kashefi, Hossein, 2004, Examine ways to develop the Kurdistan Province border markets and their role in economy of the province, Institute of Trade Studies and Research, Tehran. (In Persian)
  23. Kuffer, M.S.; Monika, R. and Sluizas, R., 2013, Quqntifying Urban Growth Pattern in Developing Countries Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics: A Case Study in Kampala, Uganda Gezahegn Aweke Abebe Enschede, The Netherlands. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Urban Planning and Managemen. Netherlands.
  24. Lambin, E. F., 2001, Modelling and Monitoring Land-Cover Change Processes in Tropical Regions, Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 21, No. 3, PP. 375-393.
  25. Mohammadi Almoti, Mas'ud, 1995, Free trade zones and economic impacts of its business, 1st Printing, Center of Economic Studies, Tehran.
  26. Niebuhr, A. and Stiller, S., 2004, Integration Effects in Border Regions -A Survey of Economic Theory and Empirical Studies” Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts- Archive (HWWA) Hamburg Institute of International Economics, 8ISSN 1616-4814.
  27. Pirbudaghi, Usef, 2000, Evaluation of Performance Border market of Sarv and its role in regional economic development, Masters thesis, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research.
  28. Roknoddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza; Papoly Yazdi, Mohammad Hussein and Abdi, Erfan, 2008, Evaluating the economic effects of frontier markets on the development of these areas, case study: Sheikh Saleh Frontier Market in Salas Babajani, Kermanshah Province. Geopolitics Journal, 4th year, No. 2, PP. 82-109.
  29. Semark, A. B., 2007, Theoretical Deliberations on Frontier of Cities, Bulletin of Geography (Socio-Economic Sires), No. 7, PP. 73-89.
  30. Shayan, Hamid, 2004, Development bottlenecks in the border provinces, Geographical Research Quarterly, No. 47.
  31. Sheikhi, Mohammad Taghi, 2001, Urban Sociology, 1st Printing, Enteshar Publications, Tehran.
  32. Sliuzas, R. and Flacke, J., 2013, Analysing and Modelling Urban Land Cover Change for Run-Off Modelling in Kampala, Uganda Gezahegn Debebe Fura. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Urban Planning and Management. Netherlands.
  33. Statistics Center of Iran, General Census of Population and Housing 1996, 2006 and 2011.
  34. Statistics center of supervision on customs in West Azerbaijan Province, 2012, acu.ir
  35. Taxicab Organization of Piranshahr 11, 2013.
  36. The Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration, 1999, The goals and duties of border markets and the role of Customs Administration, No. 35, Budget and Planning, Office of Planning and improving customs systems, First Edition, Tehran.
  37. Van Dessel, W.; Van Rompaey, A.; Poelmans, L.; Szilassi, P, 2008, Predicting Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on the Sediment Influx in the Lake Balaton Catchment. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 6, PP. 645-656.
  38. Ziari, Keramatollah, 2010, Principles and techniques of urban planning, Chabahar International University of Chabahar.