Investigating the Role of Good Urban Governance in Regeneration of Urban Worn-Out Textures (Case Study: Kamiyaran City)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Urban Planning and Design, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

10.22059/jhgr.2022.335894.1008427

Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction
 Citizen participation is a mechanism to guide local development and governance. Therefore, planning for participation, informed and meaningful presence of citizens in various cultural, social, economic, welfare, and local fields is considered as one of the urban development's most important concerns and necessities. While the urbanization process in developing countries has increased dramatically over the past 20 years, it is clear that the ability of governments to support the growth of urbanization and urban development has not been able to keep pace with this trend in many cases. Good urban governance is considered one of the most essential linking factors between governance principles, and new and adaptive organizational approaches. Using concepts such as participation, accountability, the rule of law, transparency, justice, efficiency, and accountability lays the foundation for sustainable development. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of good urban governance indicators on the regeneration of worn-out textures in Kamiyaran city. 
 
Methodology
 The research method of this article is descriptive and analytical. The data collection method was both field and library. In order to achieve the goals of the research, first of all, the effect of city regeneration criteria (economic, social, cultural, physical, and environmental-ecological) on regeneration and governance criteria (participation, accountability and responsibility, law enforcement, collective agreement, justice, transparency, strategic vision, and effectiveness and efficiency) on good urban governance in the city of Kamiyaran are examined and further the effect of good urban governance indicators (as the independent variable) is measured on urban regeneration indicators (as dependent variable), and then, the effect of good urban governance indicators (as an independent variable) on urban regeneration indicators (as a dependent variable) were measured. In order to accurately measure the validity of completed questionnaires, factor loading test, KMO and Bartlett coefficients were used in SPSS software. The KMO coefficient is equal to 0.709, and the Bartlett coefficient is equal to 0.001, which indicates the appropriate validity conditions of the prepared and completed questionnaires. The KMO coefficient is equal to 0.709, and the Bartlett coefficient is equal to 0.001, which indicates the appropriate validity conditions of the prepared and completed questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research. A zero value of this coefficient indicates a lack of reliability, and +1 indicates complete reliability. Cronbach's alpha is equal to 0.921, which indicates the very good reliability of the completed research questions. In this regard, to identify the main components of the local governance process using the mutual or cross-influence analysis method, ISM analysis with the help of Mic Mac software has been used. Finally, to measure the level of local governance in different dimensions and criteria in the studied localities, it is necessary to use multi-indicator decision-making models, considering that the TOPSIS model compares the current situation of Kamiyaran city neighborhoods with ideal situations, which is suitable.
 
Results and discussion
The general result of the current state of urban regeneration in Kamiyaran city shows inappropriate/moderate conditions. The TOPSIS score of 0.40 indicates the condition of 40% of regeneration criteria in Kamiyaran city for the success of urban plans and programs. The overall score of TOPSIS for all economic indicators for the purpose of urban regeneration shows average conditions and 41% conditions in the regeneration of Kamiyaran city. Among all social status indicators, the average score of the Likert scale is 2.58, and the average TOPSIS score is 0.39, which indicates the inappropriate conditions of the social index. From the total indicators of physical condition, the average score of the Likert scale is 2.53 with TOPSIS score of 0.38, which indicates the inappropriate conditions of physical indicators. It should be noted that most of the indicators of the physical sector have inappropriate conditions. Among all the investigated indicators of environmental-ecological conditions, the average score of the Likert scale is 2.63 with an average TOPSIS score of 0.41, which shows the average conditions of these indicators. Among all the investigated indicators of the cultural status, the average score of the Likert scale is 0.42, which indicates the average level and downward conditions of the cultural indicators. The results of the institutional situation (formal and informal institutions) show the poor/average conditions of institutional indicators in Kamiyaran city, so that the average TOPSIS score is 0.40, which shows the 40% level of satisfaction and appropriateness of institutional indicators in Kamiyaran city.
 
Conclusion
The results of this research showed that by using the good urban governance approach, it is possible to improve the regeneration process at the level of city neighborhoods by organizing and making decisions based on democratic understanding, increasing participation and emphasizing the role of local communities. This is despite the fact that today, urban management cannot achieve sustainable goals with the past approaches due to the complexity of urban issues and challenges, especially in worn-out textures and the extent of this issue in different dimensions. For this reason, in recent years, various criteria and indicators have appeared in the development and regeneration of urban textures. The most important of them are the vitality of urban spaces, readability, security, belonging to a place, access to footpaths, government's attention to worn-out texture, municipality's attention to worn-out texture, level of awareness of existing plans, the existence of non-governmental organizations, grading of parts, building materials, access to Green space, access to commercial and service uses, access to leisure uses, desire to continue living in the neighborhood, duration of living in the neighborhood, participation rate, willingness to participate, social relations with neighbors, housing facilities, health level in the neighborhood.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Keywords

Main Subjects


امینی، میلاد؛ صارمی، حمیدرضا و قالیباف، محمدباقر. (1397). جایگاه حکمروایی شهری در فرآیند بافت فرسوده شهری در منطقه 12 شهر تهران. فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 202 - 217. https://doi.org/10.29252/geores.33.3.202.
حاتمی نژاد، حسین؛ بذرافکن، شهرام و آروین، محمود. (1396). تحلیل نقش الگوی حکمروایی خوب شهری در کاهش آسیب‌پذیری مسکن شهری در برابر زلزله. مطالعات برنامه‌ریزی سکونتگاه‌های انسانی (چشم‌انداز جغرافیایی)، 599-617.
حکمت نیا، حسن. (1400). تحلیل اثرات مشارکت شهروندی بر مدیریت یکپارچة شهری با رویکرد حکمروایی خوب (مطالعه موردی: شهر یاسوج). پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، 857-871.DOI:10.22059/JHGR.2020.291671.1008027
رحمانی فضلی، عبدالرضا؛ مظفر، صادقی و جهانبخش، علیپوریان. (1394). بنیان‌های نظری حکمروایی خوب در فرایند مدیریت روستایی نوین. مدیریت شهری، 43- 53. DOI:20.1001.1.20087373.1396.8.4.6.0
زیاری، کرامت اله؛ حیدری، اصغر؛ غنی زاده قاسم‌آبادی، هادی و اباذری، نسرین. (1397). ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی مؤلفه‌های زیست پذیری در شهر بم جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری، 97- 105. DOI:20.1001.1.2345332.1399.8.2.6.3
زنگیشه یی، سجاد، مجتبی رفیعیان، صفر قائد رحمتی، و ابوالفضل مشکینی. (1400). هم‌افزایی کنشگران بازآفرینی پایدار شهری با رویکرد حکمروایی ارتباطی - شبکه‌ای مطالعه موردی (ستاد بازآفرینی شهر کرمانشاه). پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، 1165-1190. DOI:10.22059/JHGR.2020.249755.1007617
سرور، هوشنگ؛ امرایی، مهتاب؛ قربانی سپهر، آرش؛ و امینی بادامیار، شیرین. (1398). حکمروایی شایسته و بازآفرینی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری مورد: محله 4 شهر آذرشهر. توسعه فضاهای پیرا شهری، 71-84. DOI:71-84. 20.1001.1.26764164.1398.1.2.6.8
عظیمی آملی، جلال؛ و جمع دار، اکبر. (1395). بازآفرینی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری با تأکید بر الگوی حکمروایی خوب (نمونه موردی: محله ده ونک، منطقه 3 تهران). نشریه جغرافیا (برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای)، 85-99. DOI:10.29252/geores.33.3.202
کاظمیان، غلامرضا؛ براری، احسان؛ شریف‌زاده، فتاح و قربانی زاده، وجه اله. (1400). مدل متناسب حکمروایی خوب شهری برای کلان‌شهرهای کشور و تحلیل یکپارچه وضعیت فعلی (موردمطالعه: مشهد). پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، 55-74. DOI:83.2501.1.24766631.1400.2.4.3.2
مشکینی، ابوالفضل؛ پورموسوی، سید موسی؛ و مؤذن، سهراب. (1393). ارزیابی الگوی مدیریت محله مبتنی بر شاخص‌های حکمروایی مطلوب شهری مطالعه موردی: محله اوین. مطالعات شهری، 31-42. DOI:20.1001.1.24766631.1400.4.4.4.2
هادوی، فرامرز؛ پوراحمد، احمد؛ کشاورز، مهناز؛ و علی‌اکبری، اسماعیل. (1396). بازآفرینی پایدار بافت‌های ناکارآمدی شهری موردمطالعه (منطقه 10 شهر تهران). فصلنامه جغرافیایی آمایش محیط، 167-194.
هودسنی، هانیه. (1394). مدیریت بازآفرینی شهری با تأکید بر فرآیندهای حکمروایی محلی در شهر تهران. پایان‌نامه دکتری، استادان راهنما: دکتر مجتبی رفیعیان و محمدرضا پورجعفر، استاد مشاور: دکتر مظفر صرافی، دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
 
References
Abbott, J. (2016). Sharing the City: Community Participation in Urban Management. Routledge.
Amini, M., Saremi, HR., & Ghalibaf, M. (2018). The Role of Urban Governance in the Urban Worn Texture Regeneration Process Case Study: District12 of Tehran. Geographical Researchs Quarterly Journal, 33 (3).202-217. https://doi.org/10.29252/geores.33.3.202. [in Persian].
Azimi Amoli, J., & Jamdar, A. (2016). Regeneration of worn-out urban textures with Urban Good Governance Approach (Case Study: Deh-e- Vanak District). Journal of Geography (Regional Planning),1 (25), 85-99. https://doi.org/10.29252/geores.33.3.202 [in Persian].
Biswas, R., Jana, A., Arya, K., & Ramamritham, K. (2019). A good-governance framework for urban management. Journal of Urban Management, 4(8), 225-236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2018.12.009
Chowdhury, M., & Aktaruzzaman, M. (2016). Citizen participation in urban local government: a case study of Kanaighat Paurashava in Bangladesh. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 2(19), 119-134. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i19.5451
Dean, R. J. (2018). Counter-Governance: Citizen Participation beyond Collaboration. Politics and Governance, 6(1), 180–188. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.17645/pag.v6i1.1221.
Esmailpour, N., & Goodarzi, G. (2021). The model of good sustainable urban governance based on ESG concepts. Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability, 3(1), 96-107. DOI: 10.22034/JUMES.2021.249506.
Forouhar, A., & Hasankhani, M. (2018). Urban Renewal Mega Projects and Residents’ Quality of Life: Evidence from Historical Religious Center of Mashhad Metropolis. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 95(2), 232-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-017-0224-4.
Gao, Z., Wang, S., & Gu, J. (2020). Public Participation in Smart-City Governance: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Public Comments in Urban China. Sustainability, 12(20), 8605. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208605.
Hadavi, F., Poorahmad, A., Keshavarz, M., & Ali Akbari, I. (2017). Analaysis of sustainable regeneration urban distressed area, case study: (District 10, Tehran city). Journal of Geography Environment Preparation, 10 (37). 167-194, [in Persian].
Hatami Nejad, H, Bazrafkan, S, Arvin, M. (2018). On the Analysis of the Role of Good Urban Governance Model in Reducing Urban Housing Vulnerability against Earthquake. Journal of studies of Human Settlement Planning, 12(3), 599-617, [in Persian].
Hekmatnia, H. (2021). The analysis of citizen cooperation effects on urban management with the proper government approach (case study: Yasuj city). Human Geography Research, Quarterly, 53(3). 857-871. DOI:10.22059/JHGR.2020.291671.1008027 [in Persian].
Hodsani, H. (2016). Urban Regeneration Management with Emphasis on Local Governance Processes in Tehran. Phd Thesis, Supervisor: Rafiyan. M, Purjafar, M, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, [in Persian].
Hwang, U, & Woo, M. (2020). Analysis of Inter-Relationships between Urban Decline and Urban Sprawl in City-Regions of South Korea. Sustainability, 1656(12), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041656.
Jin, E., Lee, W., & Kim, D. (2018). Does Resident Participation in an Urban Regeneration Project Improve Neighborhood Satisfaction: A Case Study of “Amichojang” in Busan, South Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103755.
Jin, E, Lee, W, Kim, D. (2018). Does Resident Participation in an Urban Regeneration Project Improve Neighborhood Satisfaction: A Case Study of “Amichojang” in Busan, South Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103755.
Kazemian, G. (2021). An introduction to the model of urban governance. Journal of urban research, 20(19) 5-7. DOI:83.2501.1.24766631.1400.2.4.3.2. [in Persian].
LAP. (2017). Module 1 – good local governance, Centre of Expertise for Local Government Reform, 1, 1-13.
Lo, C. (2018). Between Government and Governance: Opening the Black Box of the Transformation Thesis, 41(8), 650-656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1295261.
Mareeva, V., Ahmad, A., Ferwati, M. S., & Garba, Sh. B. (2022). Sustainable Urban Regeneration of Blighted Neighborhoods: The Case of Al Ghanim Neighborhood, Doha, Qatar. Sustainability, 14(12), 6963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126963.
Mensah, C., Andres, L., Baidoo, P., Eshun, J., & Antwi, K. (2017). Community Participation in Urban Planning: The Case of Managing Green Spaces in Kumasi, Ghana. Urban Forum, (28), 125–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-016-9295-7.
Meshkini, A., Pourmousavi, S.M., & Muazzen, S., (2014). Evaluation of neighborhood management model based on indicators of good urban governance Case study: Evin Neighborhood. Motaleate Shahri, Tehran, 2 (6). 31-42. DOI:20.1001.1.24766631.1400.4.4.4.2. [in Persian].
Meyer, N, Auriacombe, C. (2019). Good Urban Governance and City Resilience: An Afrocentric Approach to Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 11(19), 5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195514.
Mushkani, R., & Ono, H. (2022). Urban planning, political system, and public participation in a century of urbanization: Kabul, Afghanistan. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2045452. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2045452.
Ostad-Ali-Askari, K., Gholami, H., Dehghan, S., & Ghane, M. (2021). The Role of Public Participation in Promoting Urban Planning. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14(2), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2021.177.184.
Pierre, J. (2014). Can urban regime travel in time and space? Urban regime theory, urban governance theory, and comparative urban politics. Urban affairs review, 8 (50), 864 – 889. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087413518175.
Poza-Vilches, M., Gutiérrez-Pérez, J., López-Alcarria, A. (2019). Participation and Sustainable Development. Education Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2.
Rahmani Fazli, A, Muzaffar, S, Jahanbakhsh, A. (2015). modern the in governance good of basis Theoretical rural management. Urban Management, 14 (38), 43-53. DOI:20.1001.1.20087373.1396.8.4.6.0 [in Persian].
Roberts, P. (2000). The evolution. definition and purpose of urban regrneration, in P. Robert and F. Syke (eds). Urban regeneration, a handbook. british urban regeneration association, SAGE publications, London, 9-36.
Sarvar, H., Amarayi, M., Ghorbani Sepehr, A., & Amini Badamyar, S. (2021). Good Governance and Revival of Urban Decay Textures (Case Study: Azarshahr District 4). Journal of Urban Peripheral Development, 1 (2). DOI:71-84. 20.1001.1.26764164.1398.1.2.6.8. [in Persian].
Seyedalhosseini, S. (2016). Evaluating the Performance of Municipality in Terms of Good Urban Governance (Case Study: District 1 and 3 of Zahedan City). Asian Social Sience, 12(9), 77. DOI:10.5539/ass.v12n9p77
Simwanda, M, Ranagalage, M, Estoque, R, Murayama, Y. (2019). Spatial Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Four Rapidly Growing African Cities. Remote Sensing, 11(14). 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11141645.
Siyum, B. (2022). Practice and challenge of urban land governance: an empirical study in Tigrai, East Africa. Journal of Management and Governance, 3(16). 1-20. DOI: 10.1007/s10997-022-09635-8.
Toolis, E. (2017). Theorizing critical placemaking as a tool for reclaiming public space. American journal of community psychology, 1(59), 184-199. DOI:10.1002/ajcp.12118.
Torfing, J. (2012). Interactive governance: advancing the paradigm. Oxford university press on demand.
Undp. (2000). Characteristics of good Governance. The urban Governance initiative (Unated nations Development Program) (TUGI). www.tugi.org.
UN-Habitat. (2021). Cities of Opportunities: Connecting Culture and Innovation.
Woo Kim, H., McCarty, D., & Lee, J. (2020). Enhancing Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Smart Technologies: An Assessment of Local Urban Regeneration Strategic Plans in Korea, 12(6868). 1-23. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/su12176868.
Wu, Z., Zhang, D., Li, S., Fei, J., Chen, Ch., Tian, B., & Antwi-Afari, M. (2022). Visualizing and Understanding Shrinking Cities and Towns (SCT) Research: A Network Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). 11475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811475.
Zangisheieh, S, Rafiean, M, Ghaedrahmati, S, Meshkini, A. (2021). Communicative Planning Governance Network sustainable regeneration slum textures (case study: Kermanshah city). Human Geography Research, Quarterly, 53(4), 1165-1190. DOI: 10.22059/JHGR.2020.249755.1007617. [in Persian].
Ziari, K., Heydari, A., Ghanizadeh, H., Abazari, N. (2018). Evaluation and prioritization of biocompatibility components in Bam city. Journal of urban Social Geography, (12), 105-120. DOI:20.1001.1.2345332.1399.8.2.6.3 [in Persian].
Zientara, P., Zamojska, A., & Cirella, G. (2021). Participatory urban governance: Multilevel study. 15(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229095.