Evaluation of factors affecting physical resilience in the worn-out fabric of Rasht city

1.Methodology:

The present research is descriptive-survey and its type is applied. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the worn-out fabric areas of Rasht city. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and finally 384 cases were randomly selected as the sample size and sampling method. The data collection tools include a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose validity and reliability were confirmed, and after collecting the questionnaire and analyzing the data, SPSS22 software and Lisrel structural equations were used.

When all the structures in the measurement model (first stage) have the necessary validity and reach a satisfactory fit, then the structural model can be tested and presented as the second and main stage of analysis. The structural model is "that part of the model that specifies the relationship of each of the hidden variables with each other". The purpose of the structural model is to determine which of the hidden structures directly or indirectly affects the values of other hidden structures in the model.

Therefore, the purpose of the structural model in this thesis is to test the research questions. To evaluate the structural model, goodness of fit indices are tested to answer the question whether the assumed structural model fits the data? If there is no fit, it is necessary to redefine the model until we get a model that both statistically, the fit at the level is accepted, and theoretically, it represents the observed data meaningfully.



2.Results and discussion:



The evaluation of the structural part of the model is the statistical significance of the parameters estimated separately for the causal paths of the model, which are the critical values and are obtained based on the division of the parameter estimation by the corresponding standard errors.

2.1The relationship between structural resistance and urban resilience:

The evaluation of the structural part of the model is the statistical significance of the parameters estimated separately for the causal paths of the model, which are the critical values and are obtained based on the division of the parameter estimation by the corresponding standard errors. These are the values of t. If the obtained T statistic is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96, the path coefficients are significant and the research hypothesis is confirmed, otherwise the research hypothesis is rejected. Using the maximum accuracy method, structural equation modeling was implemented. It can be seen that all the fit indices were within the acceptable range. The structural resistance variable with a beta coefficient of 0.77 and a T value of 6.74 has a positive and significant effect on urban resilience.



2.2The relationship between structure quality and urban resilience

The findings show that the structure quality variable with a path coefficient of 0.84 and T value of 6.82 has a positive and significant effect on urban resilience.



2.3The relationship between access status and urban resilience

The state of urban accessibility also has a positive and significant effect on urban resilience. The path coefficient of this relationship is 0.69 and the T value is 8.34.

2.4The relationship between the physical condition of the neighborhood and urban resilience

The physical condition of the neighborhood is also a late variable that affects urban resilience. This independent variable with a beta coefficient of 0.62 and a T value of 7.4 has an effect on the urban resilience variable.

3.Conclusion:

Neglecting residential contexts will cause the deterioration of the city and its heterogeneous development and the creation of new cities on the outskirts of the old city, which will always place a heavy economic burden on the urban management and will also cause serious damage to the environment. Iran, which has always forced urban planners and officials to think about solutions, is the physical decline and problematic urban textures or poor quality textures in the urban space and the adverse and acute complications that appear after not observing the principles of resilience in this field. The estimated parameters are separately for the causal paths of the model, which are critical values and are obtained based on dividing the estimated parameters by the corresponding standard errors. These are the values of t. If the obtained T-statistic is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96, the path coefficients are significant and the research hypothesis is confirmed, otherwise the research hypothesis is rejected.

Based on the findings of the research, the following suggestions in the physical dimension, if implemented, will lead to an increase in urban resilience and a reduction in damages and injuries during and after the occurrence of any accident and will make it easier to return to the optimal situation before the accident:

1- Paying attention to retrofitting buildings (especially in worn-out, informal structures, etc.).

2- Complying with architectural and urban planning rules, using appropriate materials; Compliance with the rules in the so-called 2800 regulations.

3- Special attention to worn out areas of Rasht city.

4- Practically creating and implementing a plan to secure and rebuild, especially for 77% of the worn-out fabric of this area; Also, the strategy of retrofitting for about 5% of the fabric of this area and securing and improving for 11% of the fabric.

5- Creating grounds for increasing citizens' participation by creating a platform for citizens' presence in executive activities.

6- Preservation of the old and valuable buildings in the dilapidated context with the aim of increasing the citizens' sense of belonging to the place.

7- Joint investment of the private and public sector in the matter of organizing the dilapidated fabric of this area.

8- Increasing the quality level of buildings, especially in worn-out structures and improving access.

9- Asking people's opinions on safe and resilient knowledge plans and especially how to implement these plans.

10- Using the opinions of different citizens, especially educated and academic people, in the plans.