تحلیل نقش کنشگران کلیدی در تحقق الگوی مسکن سالم: مطالعه موردی منطقه سه سنندج

Introduction

In recent decades, health crises and pandemics, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, have profoundly impacted the design and utilization of residential spaces. These circumstances have highlighted the need for residential environments to be designed in a way that can effectively respond to health emergencies. Previous research underscores that housing design must account for resilience against health crises, with the roles of stakeholders and developers being critically significant. Specifically, architects, urban planners, and other professionals can play key roles through their technical and creative expertise in designing and implementing resilient housing modelsarchitects, urban planners, and other professionals can play key roles through their technical and creative expertise in designing and implementing resilient housing models

The primary objective of this research is to analyze the roles and impacts of stakeholders and developers in the realization of a healthy housing model in the context of future epidemics. While numerous studies have addressed various dimensions of housing design, this research focuses on the interactions and influence of different stakeholders on the design and implementation of these models. The main innovation of the study lies in the analysis of the mechanisms among stakeholders in achieving a healthy and resilient housing model, which can contribute to the development of effective strategies and crisis management in housing project design.

Methodology

This study, aimed at identifying and analyzing the roles of stakeholders in achieving a healthy housing model in Region Three of Sanandaj, is categorized as applied research. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizes a mixed-methods methodology (both quantitative and qualitative) for data collection and analysis. Initially, key stakeholders were identified through document analysis, followed by the use of the Delphi technique and the collection of insights from 13 local experts to complete and validate these identifications. Ultimately, 18 stakeholders, divided into five main groups, were recognized as influential in the realization of a healthy housing model.

Following stakeholder identification, a cross-impact analysis matrix was developed to assess the interactions and influences among them. Experts used a numerical scale to evaluate the impact of each stakeholder on others, and the results were analyzed using Ucinet software to examine the structural dynamics of the stakeholder network. This analysis focused on the interactions and relationships among stakeholders and contributed to a better understanding of their roles in the process of achieving a healthy housing model in Region Three of Sanandaj.

Region Three of Sanandaj, being the most recently developed urban area in the city, with an area of approximately 1126 hectares and a population of around 183,808, was selected due to its distinctive characteristics. This area features a relatively integrated urban fabric and includes diverse residential, sports, recreational, cultural, commercial, and service uses. Choosing this region for the study of healthy housing models is justified by its potential to provide more precise results in addressing future health crises.



Results and discussion

The analysis of the stakeholder network in achieving the healthy housing model in Region Three of Sanandaj was conducted using Ucinet software, examining network density, betweenness centrality, degree centrality, and closeness centrality. The findings indicated that the stakeholder network has low density (28%), reflecting weak connections and a slow decision-making and execution process in housing planning.

In terms of betweenness centrality, the "National Land and Housing Organization" and "Sanandaj Municipality" were identified as key actors with significant mediation and control abilities within the network. These organizations, with their central roles in planning and investment, have a substantial impact on the realization of the healthy housing model. Other stakeholders, such as developers and consumers, also play important roles in the network.

Degree centrality revealed that "developers" and "the Islamic City Council of Sanandaj" have the most direct connections with other stakeholders, making them informal leaders and key influencers within the network. Developers, due to their numerous connections, play a crucial role in implementing healthy housing models, while the City Council’s supervisory and managerial role aids in realizing these models.

Closeness centrality showed that "Sanandaj Municipality" and "Region Three Municipality," along with developers and consumers, hold central positions that enable them to exert greater influence over decision-making and implementation processes for the healthy housing model. These stakeholders, through their close and ongoing interactions, significantly impact the improvement of housing conditions.

Ultimately, three key groups of stakeholders— "developers," "the Islamic City Council of Sanandaj," and "consumers"—were identified as having central and significant roles in achieving the healthy housing model. Other entities, such as the municipality and the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, were recognized as secondary actors with complementary roles, yet possessing limited decision-making power. These findings suggest that enhancing interactions among key and secondary stakeholders, as well as leveraging successful international experiences, could improve housing planning and design processes. Such measures could enhance the structure and efficiency of the stakeholder network and serve as strategies for addressing future challenges in this field.

Conclusion

This research examined the interactions among various stakeholders in the process of housing planning and design in Region Three of Sanandaj. The findings reveal that key decision-making is predominantly carried out by three main groups: developers, the Islamic City Council of Sanandaj, and consumers. These groups, due to their significant influence, play essential roles in housing planning and design processes. Conversely, some organizations, such as the municipality and the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, are identified as secondary actors and often overlooked, with less decision-making power despite their complementary roles.

The results of the research suggest that to enhance housing planning and design processes, it is crucial to increase interactions among key and secondary stakeholders, strengthen the role of overlooked actors, and incorporate international best practices. These actions could improve the structure and efficiency of the stakeholder network and optimize decision-making and design processes in housing, providing strategic approaches to address future challenges in this domain.