سرمایه‌های جوامع محلی و توسعه اقتصادی گردشگرمحور مطالعه موردی: روستاهای هدف گردشگری استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مستخرج از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده میراث فرهنگی، صنایع‌دستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

10.22059/jhgr.2024.371800.1008668

چکیده

هدف از انجام تحقیق ارزیابی نقش چارچوب سرمایه‌های جامعه روستایی در توسعه اقتصاد روستایی از طریق توسعه گردشگری در روستاهای هدف گردشگری استان زنجان است. به این منظور از هر یک از شهرستان‌های 8 گانه استان یک روستا به‌عنوان روستای هدف گردشگری از سوی سازمان گردشگری انتخاب‌شده است. جامعه آماری روستاهای نمونه است که در سال 1395 بالغ‌بر 8812 مورد بوده که حجم نمونه 327 نفر از طریق کوکران انتخاب شد. جمع‌آوری اطاعات از طریق پرسشنامه صورت گرفت. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری از قبیل t تک نمونه‌ای، رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره، همبستگی و جداول توافقی و کروسکال والیس استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحلیل نشان داد که تمامی ابعاد سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی بالاتر از مطلوبیت عددی مورد آزمون بوده و تفاوت معناداری را در سطح 99 درصد نشان می‌دهد و از بین ابعاد سرمایه جامعه روستایی به ترتیب سرمایه اجتماعی (3.8245) و سرمایه ساخته‌شده (3.9635) بیشترین تأثیر در توسعه اقتصاد روستایی داشته‌اند. از طرفی دیگر، توسعه گردشگری در روستاهای نمونه تأثیر مثبتی بر روی تنوع منابع درآمدی برای ساکنین (3.5315) و بهبود فرصت‌های اشتغال و درآمدی (3.3637) داشته است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون خطی با توجه به ضریب تعیین (0.901) و مقدار آماره آزمون F برابر با 394.172 نشان داد که بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم ابعاد سرمایه‌های جامعه محلی در اقتصاد روستایی از طریق توسعه گردشگری از دیدگاه پاسخگویان ساکن روستاهای هدف گردشگری مورد مطالعه به ترتیب به سرمایه مالی (0.546) و سرمایه اجتماعی (0.512) اختصاص دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Capitals of Local Communities and Tourism-Oriented Economic Development: A case study of Target Villages for Tourism in Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Mosavi 1
  • Jamshid Einali 1
  • Farhad Javan 2
1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Cultural Heritage, HandiCrafts and Tourism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده [English]

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the role of the capital framework of the rural community in the development of the rural economy through the development of tourism in the target villages of Zanjan province. For this purpose, from each of the eight cities of the province, only one village has been selected as a tourism destination by the tourism organization. The statistical population of sample villages in 2016 comprised 8,812 cases. A sample size of 327 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, statistical tests such as one-sample t, multivariate linear regression, correlation and agreement tables, and Kruskal-Wallis have been used. The results of the analysis showed that all dimensions of the local community's capital are higher than the numerical desirability of the test and show a significant difference at the 99% level, and among the dimensions of the rural community's capital, social capital (3.8245), and built capital (3.9635), respectively. They have had the most significant impact on the development of the rural economy. On the other hand, the development of tourism in the sample villages has had a positive effect on the diversity of income sources for residents (3.5315) and improved employment and income opportunities (3.3637). Also, the results of the linear regression analysis according to the coefficient of determination (0.901) and the value of the F test statistic equal to 394.172 showed that the most direct impact of the dimensions of local community capital in the rural economy through the development of tourism from the point of view of the respondents living in the target villages of the studied tourism. The sequence belongs to financial capital (0.546) and social capital (0.512).
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Rural areas and communities significantly influence developing countries' political and economic stability. On the other hand, rural areas in developing countries, especially Iran, have economic challenges such as extensive rural-urban migration and the aging of the rural population structure, severe changes in land use, limited job opportunities and high unemployment rate, weak public infrastructure and failure of commercial and market networks, low level of productivity of production factors and weak managerial and technical knowledge, high outflow of capital and limited resources and weakness economic capacities, and the like are facing the rural community with many challenges in achieving economic equality and sustainability of socio-economic development. On the other hand, the emergence of socio-economic changes caused by globalization, the rapid development of urbanization, insufficiency of agricultural sector activities in providing livelihood, and attention to tourism development as a complement to economic development by utilizing local community funds is a solution for rural development. Therefore, in Zanjan province, 16 villages with tourism capacities and attractions in historical, natural, and cultural fields have been identified and introduced as target villages for tourism by the organization of tourism, cultural heritage, and handicrafts. Better planning to properly use rural community funds in different dimensions can provide the basis for sustainable development, especially in rural economy indicators. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of the local capital framework of the rural community in developing the rural economy by taking advantage of the development of rural tourism in the target villages of Zanjan province. It tries to answer questions:
 1- What is the relationship between the local community's capital and the tourism development in the target villages?
2- What are the most important assets of the local community in developing the local economy through tourism?
 
Methodology
The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The methods and tools of information gathering in the current research included library and field methods based on observation and completing the questionnaire. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, after preparing it, the supervisors and advisors initially controlled the questionnaire questions, and meaningless and irrelevant questions were removed. In order to determine the reliability coefficient, 30 questionnaires (about 10% of the sample) were distributed among the household heads of the studied villages. After collecting the data from the questionnaires, the data was entered into the computer, and using Cronbach's alpha test, the validity of the questionnaires was obtained as 0.867. The statistical population of the research includes the target villages of tourism in Zanjan province, which, according to cost and time limitations, and for detailed study, one case from each city of the province has been selected as a sample. Several 327 cases were selected for studying and completing the questionnaire using Cochran's sampling formula. Statistical tests such as one-sample t, Kruskal-Wallis, regression, and Spearman's correlation were used for quantitative data analysis.
 
Results and discussion
The results of the desirability of local society's capital indices using a one-sample t-test with the assumption of numerical desirability of 3 as the mean of the Likert spectrum showed that this amount is higher than the numerical desirability of the test for all dimensions of local community capitals and shows a significant difference at the 99% level which shows the positive impact of all aspects of the local community's capital in the development of the local economy based on tourism and the most significant impact among the capitals of the local community, respectively, in the dimensions of "social capital" with a numerical average (3.8245), "built or physical capital" with a numerical average (3.9635) and "natural capital" with a numerical average (3.6931). Investigating the direction and intensity of the impact of rural community capital dimensions in the rural economy through tourism development using linear regression test showed that the significant relationship according to the equivalent determination coefficient (0.901) and the value of the F test statistic equal to 394.172 showed that the significant relationship is significant at the 99% level. Based on the regression result, it can be said that the most significant direct impact of the dimensions of the local community's capital in the rural economy through tourism development from the point of view of the respondents living in the studied tourism target villages can be attributed to financial capital (0.546) and social capital (0.512) was found to be related. Investigating the correlation between the dimensions of rural community capital and the rural economy development index through tourism showed using the Spearman test that between the rural economy development index through tourism and the dimensions of rural community capital inbuilt (physical) capital (0.330), natural capital (0.265), political-institutional capital (0.767), financial capital (0.752), capital Social (0.440) there is a significant relationship at the 99% level. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the dimensions of human capital (0.070) and cultural capital (-0.037) and the development of rural economy through tourism in the studied villages.
 
Conclusion
Finally, the final results show that among the 8 target villages studied, the villages of Su Kahriz in Khorramdarreh county, with an average rank (of 164.75) and Shit in Tarom county, with an average rank (of 164.30), are ranked first and second in terms of the total dimensions of rural community capital. In addition, Papai village in Zanjan county has the lowest rank with an average rating (141.04), and other tourist target villages are located between Behestan and Su Kahriz villages. Also, the spatial analysis of the economic effects of tourism development in the studied tourism target villages in Zanjan province shows this fact that Shit villages in Tarom county and Darsajin in Abhar county, respectively, with average ranking (of 190.00) and (186.64) have the most effectiveness in the development of the tourism-based rural economy. Moreover, activities related to it and Behestan village in Mahneshan county, with an average rating (of 134.39), have the lowest rating in this regard. According to the above-mentioned cases, there is no significant relationship at the level of 95% among the sample villages in both of the studied indicators, i.e., having the dimensions of local capital and the economic effects of tourism development. The main reason for this can be seen in selecting these villages as the target villages for tourism and their unique and numerous attractions.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capital
  • Rural Society
  • Rural Tourism
  • Rural Economy
  • Zanjan Province

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پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی
دوره 57، شماره 2
مرداد 1404
صفحه 65-81

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