احمدی, سید عباس, واثق, محمود, جاسم نژاد, مسعود. (1391). ژئوپلیتیک شیعه و ارتقای جایگاه ایران در خاورمیانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی. پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی, 44(80، تابستان 1391)(80 تابستان 1391), 65-84. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2012.24601
سید عباس احمدی; محمود واثق; مسعود جاسم نژاد. "ژئوپلیتیک شیعه و ارتقای جایگاه ایران در خاورمیانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی". پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی, 44(80، تابستان 1391), 80 تابستان 1391, 1391, 65-84. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2012.24601
احمدی, سید عباس, واثق, محمود, جاسم نژاد, مسعود. (1391). 'ژئوپلیتیک شیعه و ارتقای جایگاه ایران در خاورمیانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی', پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی, 44(80، تابستان 1391)(80 تابستان 1391), pp. 65-84. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2012.24601
احمدی, سید عباس, واثق, محمود, جاسم نژاد, مسعود. ژئوپلیتیک شیعه و ارتقای جایگاه ایران در خاورمیانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی. پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی, 1391; 44(80، تابستان 1391)(80 تابستان 1391): 65-84. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2012.24601
ژئوپلیتیک شیعه و ارتقای جایگاه ایران در خاورمیانه پس از انقلاب اسلامی
2کارشناس ارشد تاریخ اسلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
چکیده
موضوع این پژوهش طرح چگونگی ژئوپلیتیکیشدن تشیّع پس از انقلاب اسلامی و در پی آن، گسترش نقش و عملکرد ایران در روابط بینالمللی خاورمیانه است. روشن است که با پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی ایران در سال 1357 و رخدادهای پس از آن که بیشتر متأثّر از پیروزی انقلاب بودند، تشیّع به یکی از عوامل مهم و تأثیرگذار دنیای ژئوپلیتیک تبدیل شد. تشکیل یک حکومت شیعی با رهبری علمای دینی در کشوری بزرگ و با اکثریّت شیعه، هرگز در گذشته روی نداده بود. به این ترتیب، انقلاب ایران کانون توجّهی برای زندهکردن و رواج هویّت دینی شیعیان و حتّی در نگاهی کلّیتر، هویّت دینی مسلمانان پدید آورد و تشیّع و اسلام را در قلب حوادث و اخبار جهانی قرار داد. تبیین این تحوّلات در چارچوب ژئوپلیتیک شیعه، موضوع مورد بحث این مقاله است. این پژوهش به روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و بر پایهی دادههای میدانی انجام شده است. بنابراین برای تجزیه و تحلیل و نتیجهگیری، افزون بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای و الکترونیک، از یافتههای پرسشنامهای نیز استفاده شده است. نتیجهی پژوهش نشان داد که با وقوع انقلاب اسلامی و ژئوپلیتیکی شدن تشیّع، موقعیّت و جایگاه ایران بهویژه از دیدگاه سیاسی، اجتماعی، رسانهای، آموزشی و فرهنگی در منطقه ارتقا یافته و این کشور توانسته است اثرگذاری و نقشآفرینی بهتری نسبت به گذشته داشته باشد.
Shiite Geopolitics and Increase Iran Position in the Middle East after Islamic Revolution
نویسندگان [English]
abbas ahmadi1؛ M. Vasegh1؛ M. Jasemnezhad2
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 on the basis of the Shiite thought, culminated in the founding of the Islamic political system. This event must be considered as a turning point for politicizing of Shiite religion in the modern era.
Political power of the Shiite leaders in Iran, and slogan for export of the revolution, culminated in the adopting of the position of anti-super powers during the cold-war period by the government of Iran, which is still continued toward United States of America so far. In contrast with, these states took their position against the state of Iran, and adopted some measures for its collapse or containment as well.
From another side, political power of the Shiite in Iran, strengthened the morale and hopefulness of the Shiite people in other countries, and encouraged them to be politicized. Because in a historical perspective they had seen themselves as a minority group and deprived and oppressed people as well. Regarding the relations between Iran and other Shiite communities, we can suppose a spatial model of Core and Periphery. That Iran is located in the core, and the other Shiite communities in the periphery, which included Shiite in Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, and etc…. So the Shiite communities in the other parts of the world can be considered as the geopolitical interests of Iran.
Methodology
This study has been based on descriptive, analytical and statistical method. The results have been analyzed by obtained information through questionnaires in addition to documentary and electronic references. The designed questionnaire contained 14 sections and has completed by 50 persons by Shiite and Sunni elites from Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Finally, the gathered information and data have been analyzed by SPSS software and have been shown in tables.
Results and Discussion
How much was geopolitical condition of Iran influenced by the Islamic revolution and politicization of Shiism, was the basic question of this paper.
Political power of the Shiite leaders in Iran, and slogan for export of the revolution, culminated in the adopting of the position of anti-super powers during the cold-war period by the government of Iran. In contrast with, these states took their position against the state of Iran, and adopted some measures for its collapse or containment as well.
From another side, political power of the Shiite in Iran, strengthened the morale and hopefulness of the Shiite people in other countries, and encouraged them to be politicized. Because in a historical perspective they had seen themselves as a minority group and deprived and oppressed people as well. Regarding the relations between Iran and other Shiite communities, we can suppose a spatial model of Core and Periphery. That Iran is located in the core, and the other Shiite communities in the periphery.
Conclusion
Islamic revolution (1979) as an important event happened in Iran, the geographical center of Shiite territories. State of Iran with Shiite nature tried to extend its role in Middle East and world. The Shiite revival in Iran after Islamic revolution has expanded Iran's influence sphere.
From geopolitical point of view, the spatial structure of Shiite in the world has been core and periphery. In this structure, Iran today forms as the core and Iraq, Lebanon, Azerbaijan, Pakistan and Yemen as semi-periphery part and Bahrain, Afghanistan, Turkey, Syria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are included in the periphery part.
With respect to the size, Shiite has been minority among Muslims and geographically too, they are surrounded by Sunni-dominated region. Nevertheless, the geography of Iran and Shiite make significant opportunities for Iran particularly in cultural, religious, political, educational and other aspects based on this study results.
As the main result of this paper it should be say that the geopolitical condition of Iran was increased in Middle East after the Islamic revolution.
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