نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 استاد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction:
The urban life of the West Azerbaijan Province has been faced many changes in recent years, and has seen a lot of demographic and physical changes. In order to achieve a balanced and justice-centered development which improves all residents lives, we need a correct recognition and optimized proper planning in the cities of the province. Because, the increasing split in the cultural, social, economic fields and other fields in different regions, is the evidence of a failure to complete the goals of justice-centered planning and sustainable development. This paper, tries to Identify the status of social sustainability indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan province by using quantitative Techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate and measure the feasibility of the social sustainability in different cities of the province.
Methodology:
The overall approach of this research is a quantitative research type and in terms of the data collection method which it is based on library-documentary and survey data. In the first step of research, in order to identify the social sustainability indexes and related indicators, various sources and databases were used. Accordingly, five main indexes were identified in this context. Totally 35 indicators for 5 indexes were evaluated. The statistical population of this study is the 42 cities of West Azerbaijan province which among them, 13 cities have been studied as samples. In order to analyze the collected data, we have used the multi-index decision-making methods (vikor). Also, the analysis of the impact of economic components on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities, are specified by Use of the regression method like the Enter method in the path and beta coefficients (β) analysis.
Results and discussion:
After collecting data and information by using the entropy method, the relative weight of each index is calculated. The public health index with a score of 230.0 points has earned the highest score. Also, the sense of belonging to the location index among the residents of the province cities has the lowest score with a score of 172.0. The ranking of the cities in the province is based on social sustainability indexes, using the cluster analysis and SPSS software in Table 1, shows that Urmia city with Zero advantage function is in the steady state in terms of social sustainability and Urmia metropolis is the best city in terms of social sustainability indexes in the province and Khoy and Noushin cities have a potential stability status with the advantage function of 0.452 and 0.446, respectively. Whereas, 45% of the studied cities have a potential instability status or unstable status. Also, 32% of the studied cities have a moderate status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The average amount of advantage function (Q), the utility of social sustainability indexes in the cities of the province, is equal to 0.622. Therefore, the cities of West Azerbaijan province are below the average in terms of social sustainability indexes and need to be strengthened and invested.
Table 1: The utility of social sustainability in cities of West Azerbaijan, based on the values of the advantage function(Q)
Row Cities (Q) Rating Sustainability desirability
1 Urmia 0 1 Sustainable
2 Khoy 0.452 2 Potential Sustainability
3 Noushin city 0.462 3
4 Tekab 0.568 4 Medium Sustainability
5 Salmas 0.578 5
6 Mahabad 0.578 6
7 Maku 0.630 7
8 Dizajdiz City 0.709 8 Potential insustainability
9 Mohamadyar 0.750 9
10 Miandoab 0.770 10
11 Bazargan 0.772 11
12 Naghta 0.840 12
13 Bukan 0.965 13 Unsustainability
Dispersion coefficient Q= 0.40
The dispersion coefficient and the inequality rate of the studied cities is about 0.40 in terms of sustainability indexes which shows a relatively moderate imbalance in the index indicators in the cities of the province. The results also show that there is a significant correlation between the advantage function (Q) of the sustainable social development and the population of the cities of the province. In fact, the distribution and method of allocating resources and benefits is the most important factor which defines the relationship between population and development which it has not been balanced in the cities of the province. Evaluation of the economic components effect (including economic support burden, unemployment rate, employment rate, female employment rate, male employment rate) on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities shows that economic support burden and unemployment rate with negative coefficients of -0.16 and -0.07 respectively, and employment rate with a positive coefficient of 0.29, female employment rate and male employment rate with positive coefficients of 0.21 and 0.47 respectively, are effective in the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities. Indeed, the economic support burden is a potential social problem, which reveals the dependence of the individual or individuals of the society on the people who work and provide their own livelihoods and others and the unemployment rate, which is directly related to the economic growth and job creation, have had a negative and decreasing effect on the social sustainability indexes in the studied cities.
Conclusion:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social sustainability level of the west Azerbaijan province cities, based on a set of some sustainability attitudes. Results of the calculations related to the social sustainability indexes in the province cities, indicate that 45% of the studied cities in the West Azerbaijan province are in the potentially unstable or unstable status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The research results show that among the evaluated indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan, the public health index has earned the highest score. Urmia city has the best situation in terms of this index among the cities of the province, and on the contrary, Bukan city has the worst status in the public health indexes. The cluster rating results also show that 46% of the studied cities are in unfavorable conditions in terms of utility of the social sustainability indexes.
کلیدواژهها [English]
32. Ahmadi, Shirko and Tavakoli, Morteza, 2016, Assessment and assessment of the stability of neighborhoods in the city of Sardasht, Geography and Urban-Regional Development, No. 20, PP. 153-170.
35. Azar, Adel and Rajabzadeh, Ali, 2010, Applied Decision Making, MADM Approach, Fourth Edition, Tehran: Publishing Ghazn Danesh.
37. Barzegar, Sadegh; Diosalar, Asadollah; Ghorbani, Alireza and Sedaghat, Mehdi, 2017, Measurement and Evaluation of Social Sustainability in Small Towns (Case Study: Small Towns of Mazandaran Province), Quarterly Journal of Urban Structure and Urban Studies, Vol. 4, No. 14, PP. 7-30.
38. Connelly, S., 2007, Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept, Local Environment, Vol. 12, No. 3, PP. 259-278.
39. Dempsey, N.; Brown, C. and Bramely, G., 2012, The key to sustainable urban development in uk cities? The influence of density on social sustainability, Volume77, Progress in planning, N77. PP. 89-141, www.elsevier.com/ locate/pplann
40. Fattahi, Ahdallah et al., 2013, Measurement and prioritization of social sustainability in rural areas of Delfan city using Vickour decision-making model (Case study: North Khavaveh rural district), Journal of Regional Planning, No. 11, PP. 65-78.
42. Ghorbani, Rasool and Azimi, Mitra, 2014, The Impact of Municipality Revenue Structure on Urban Development Using Correlation Coefficient and Factor Analysis (Case Study of Mashhad), Journal of Urban Planning and Research, Vol. 5, No. 18, PP. 115-132.
43. Holden, A., 2008, Environment and Tourism, London: Routledge.
44. Hosseini, Seyed Hadi et al., 2015, An analysis of the evaluation of the quality of social sustainability in the regions of two and three cities of Sabzevar, Geography and Urban-Regional Development, No. 14, PP. 47-70.
45. http://www.asce.org/ProgramProductLine.aspx?id=7085
46. http://www.cityindicators.org/
47. http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/1998/07/en/1/ef9807en.pdf
48. http://www.icleiusa.org/programs/sustainability/star-community-index
49. http://www.sustainabilityindicators.org/about/AboutISIN.html
50. http://www.worldbank.org/oed/
51. Hushyar, Hasan and Sharifi, Bayazid, 2017, Evaluation of the stability of neighborhoods in border cities (Case study: Neighborhoods of the city of Piranshahr), Urban Area Studies Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1.
52. Mafi, Ezzataleh and Abdolahzadeh, Mahdi, 2017, Sociological Sustainability Assessment of Mashhad Metropolis, Two Scientific Papers on Urban Ecology, 8(1), PP. 63-76.
53. Maleki, Saeed and Daman Bagh, Safieh, 2013, Evaluation of sustainable urban development indicators with emphasis on social, physical and urban indicators (case study of Ahwaz city's eight regions), Urban planning studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, PP. 29-54.
54. Mohammadi Dehsheshmeh, Mostafa and Alizadeh, Hadi, 2014, Measurement of Regional Sustainable Development Indicators in West Azarbaijan Province, Journal of Economic and Regional Development, Vol. 20, No. 7, PP. 51-76.
55. Mohammadi, Hossein et al., 2011, Estimation of social capital in different regions of Mashhad and the presentation of strategies to improve it in line with the duties of the municipality, Urban Management, Special issue, PP. 237-258.
56. Mokhtari Malekabadi, Reza et al., 2014, Measurement and evaluation of socio-cultural sustainability indicators in extractive cities (case study: Assaluyeh extraction city), Urban Research & Planning, Vol. 19, No. 19, PP. 91-110.
57. Momeni, Mostafa; Sarrafi, Mozaffar and Ghasemi-Khozansi, Mohammad, 2008, Structure and Functioning of Religious Cultural Tourism and the Need for Integrated Management in Mashhad Metropolis, Geography and Development Magazine, Vol. 11, PP. 13-38.
58. Momenpour Ali Abad, Ahad and Zakhooraghi, Kianoush, 2018, Evaluation of social sustainability among citizens of informal settlements of Hamadan Imam Hesar, Journal of Research on Planning of Human Settlements, Vol. 13, No. 3, PP. 679-696.
59. Mosa Kazemi, Seyyed Mehdi, 2013, Spatial Distribution of Population and Marathi Dynamics in Iranian Cities, 1956- 2011, Quarterly of Space-Based Planning, Vol. 1, No. 3.
60. Nazarian, Asghar, 2006, Urban Geography of Iran, Tehran: Payame Noor University Press, (7).
61. Nesteran, Mahin et al., 2013, Evaluation of Social Sustainability Indices Using Network Analysis Process (ANP), Applied Sociology, Vol. 24, No. 3, PP. 155-173.
62. N.Gladwin, Thomas., J.Kennelly, James, Krause, Tara-Shelomith., 1995, Shifting Paradigms for Sustainable Development: Implication for Management Theory and Research, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 204, PP. 874-907.
63. Opricovic, S. and Tzeng, G.H., 2007, Extend Vikor method in Copmromise with outranking methods, European. Journal of Operational Research, PP. 514-529.
64. Pouya Consulting Engineers, Shahin Bana, 2011, Master Plan of Mahabad City, Vol. II.
66. Sarai, Mohammad Hossein et al., 2013, Analysis and evaluation of socioeconomic indicators of sustainable development in Maybod Historical Townships, Geographical Survey of the Year, Vol. 28, No. 1, PP. 178-205.
67. Sarvar, Rahim and Mousavi, Mirjanj, 2011, Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Cities in West Azarbaijan Province, Journal of the Iranian Geographic Society, Vol. 1, No. 28, PP. 7-8.
68. Shafia, Mohammad Ali and Shafia, Saeed, 2012, The Study of the Relationship between Sustainable Social Development and Social Capital (Case Study: Residents of the Informal Neighborhood of Shemiran), Applied Sociology, Vol. 23, No. 2, PP. 139-164.
69. Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province, 2012, Ministry of Interior, West Azarbaijan Governorate, Planning Deputy.
70. Tehran Municipality Studies and Planning Center, 2013, Communication of Social Sustainability with City Form, Deputy Director of Studies and Planning of Infrastructure Affairs and Master Plan.
71. United Nation, 2004, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 revision. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York: United Nations.
72. Vallance, S. et al., 2011, what is social sustainable ility; A clarification of concepts. Geoform 42, PP. 342-348, Journal home page.www.elsevier. com/ locate/ geoforum.
73. Varol, C.; Ercoskun, O. and Gurer, Y., 2010, Local participatory mechanisms and collective actions for sustainable urban development in Turkey, Habitat International. xxx. Article in Press.
74. Vazazadeh, Sajedeh; Naghdi, Asadollah and Ayasheh, Ali, 2015, Components of Sustainability in Iran Development Plans, Journal of Social Development Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, PP. 45-59.
75. Yari Hesar, Arastu et al., 2011, Measurement and Assessment Sustainability of the Rural District of Tehran Metropolis, Rural research, Second period, No. 8, PP. 89-122.