نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آموزش جغرافیا،دانشگاه فرهنگیان،تهران، ایران
2 استادیار جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
4 کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور ، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Problem statement: Urban neighborhoods are one of the micro and tangible centers for the formation of cultural identities and social affiliations. Neighborhood values and norms often strengthen the sense of social belonging in the form of confrontational relationships, therefore, in the structure of urban neighborhoods, the role of social capital is as a set of norms, informal values, customary laws and moral obligations that interact with each other. People are formed in groups and facilitate social relations (Rafiei, 1388: 15). In the neighborhoods of Bushehr, due to the population density and various ethnic migrations at the level of the urban neighborhoods, the level of trust of the residents of that area towards each other is less observed, conducting this research can be useful to some extent in solving this problem. According to researchers, examining social capital in the institutionalization of urban management and development, the main problem is the existence of many ambiguities in its definition, one of the most important of which is the use of the concept of social and human capital interchangeably. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has made a clear distinction between these two cases, human capital consists of people and studies the relationships between them, while the institutional, political and legal settings and institutions that facilitate human activities are social capital. The proposed components are (trust, participation, social cohesion and local networks and institutions). Now, according to the importance of the subject and the above materials, the researcher is looking for an answer to the question whether the spatial distribution of social capital is equally distributed in different neighborhoods of Bushehr city.
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the spatial distribution of social capital in urban neighborhoods of Bushehr city.
Method: The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive survey in terms of its method. Due to the fact that articles, books and other written sources were used in the present research, and the researcher was present at the research site and collected his data in this field, this research was of library and field type. The statistical population of the research includes all the citizens of Bushehr, whose number is unlimited. A statistical sample of 384 people was obtained based on the well-known Cochran formula. In order to obtain better information, the researcher collected 403 questionnaires.
Results: Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of research variables. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate the dimensions of social capital in different areas of Bushehr city. The significant value of social trust in this test (0.223), social participation (0.001), social cohesion (0.029), local institutions (0.046), social security (0.367), responsibility (0.48) 0, normativeness (0.418), satisfaction (0.032) and social interaction (0.041). The results of the investigations show that there is no significant difference in terms of social trust, social security, normativity in different areas of Bushehr city; And in terms of social participation, social cohesion, local institutions, social responsibility, satisfaction and social interaction, there is a significant difference. According to the results, it is suggested to city officials: trust in local social institutions (Basij, Board of Trustees of the mosque) can be strengthened by city managers among the people of urban neighborhoods in Bushehr city. City managers should increase people's trust in these groups by making a statement and raising the activities of the mosque and Basij, so that the citizens can use the mosques and use the presence of the elders with peace of mind to solve their problems. One of the strategies that city managers and officials can put on their agenda is to establish a positive and constructive relationship between citizens and the Islamic Council and the neighborhood council. In such a way that people achieve this belief, they can refer to their neighborhood council to resolve neighborhood issues with peace of mind.Today, social capital in organizations and societies is much more important than physical and human capital, and the networks of collective and group relations between people and organizations are coherent. In the absence of social capital, other capitals lose their efficiency and it becomes uneven and difficult to follow the paths of cultural and economic development without social capital. The existence of social capital is the key to the establishment of society and civil life, and the lack of social capital is the main obstacle to its establishment. Based on this, societies with this type of capital provide a suitable platform for the formation of a capable, responsive and efficient civil society, and democratic civil institutions grow in such an environment. Also, proving social capital prevents authoritarianism and authoritarian thinking, opportunism, mistrust, pessimism. The existence of social capital is the key to the establishment of civil society and citizen life, and the lack of social capital is the main obstacle to its establishment and establishment. Communities with this type of capital provide a suitable platform for the formation of a capable, responsive and efficient civil society. But on the other hand, the depletion of social capital in a society leads to the ineffectiveness of many proposed policies and plans in the field of planning. Social capital in any society is a function of the moral virtues of that society. Social capital also configures a set of aspects in the social structure. It promotes certain behaviors in the traders in the structure. The root of such behaviors is the social structure in the paradigm of rational behavior. Social capital is also seen as a factor that promotes adjustments and cooperation for the mutual benefit of community members as a collective resource to overcome the "aggregate action dilemma". Most importantly, social capital is a theoretical resource of the sharing economy, which involves orientation towards a common goal, in that it promotes trust and social values in society or on a wider scale. Socially trusting members use knowledge in ways that benefit each other.
Innovation: The innovative aspect of the research is the evaluation of social capital components in the neighborhoods of Bushehr city.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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