اثر اقتصادی روش‌های برداشت شیرابه گیاه آنغوزه (Ferula assa foetida L.) بر بهره‌برداران روستایی در مراتع شهرستان سبزوار مطالعه موردی: مراتع کال سه‌گوش و دهنه گودال

ABSTRACT
Ferula assa foetid L. is one of the important plants of Iran's pastures, which, in addition to its role in soil protection, produces a sap that has great medicinal and industrial value. The exploitation of this species should be done in such a way that while generating income for the residents of the region, the survival of the species is not endangered. This research investigated the economic effect and method of Anghuzeh leachate collection in 2 areas (Cal Saghosh and Dehne Gudal) in Sabzevar. The research was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design, with 2 harvesting methods (horizontal and vertical) and 2 types of cutting numbers (8 and 10) with 4 replications and 5 samples. Plant samples were selected randomly, and a total number of 80 plants were in each habitat. The results show that there is a significant difference between the harvesting areas, the method of shaving, and the number of shavings (P-value <0.01). Also, the vertical threshing method with 8 times of harvest gives the operator more income than 10 times of threshing. Also, the type of vertical shaving method has more sap than the horizontal method. There is no significant difference between the mutual effects of the area with the method of shaving and the number of shaving. The daily income of each farmer was calculated to be 440 thousand tomans, which is almost 2 times the daily wage of an ordinary worker in the village. This income is important considering the problems of employment in rural areas and the lack of productive work for villagers.
 
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The power and potential of pastures are very diverse depending on environmental and ecological conditions. The plants in the pastures are valuable in various aspects. Among the various functions of pasture ecosystems, the indirect use of plants, which includes the harvesting of medicinal and industrial plants, is of particular importance, and their variety and amount directly affect the economy of local communities and users. Medicinal plants are very valuable because of their natural products, but there is little information about exploiting medicinal species. The lack of information on how to use medicinal plants makes it necessary to pay attention to the methods of harvesting these plants. Ferula assa foetid L., with the Persian name of Anghuzeh, is one of the essential pasture plants of Iran. In addition to its role in soil protection, sap is obtained from it, which has great medicinal and industrial value and is a valuable source of income for villagers and exporters. Exploiting this species should be done so that while creating a stable income for the residents of the region, it doesn't endanger the regeneration and survival of the species. According to the characteristics of the studied areas, the results led to this plant's development and increased the economic power of rural communities. Therefore, the study of different exploitation methods depending on each region's geographical and climatic conditions is of special importance. A study has not been done so far comparing harvesting methods and the economic effects of Anghuzeh on rural communities in the Sabzevar region. Taking into account that the two pastures of Dehne Gudal and Kal Segosh are considered to be one of the most important habitats of Anghuzeh species in this city. Every year, the leachate of the mentioned species is extracted and extracted by the beneficiary operators. The study of the economic effects of harvesting methods Encouraging the region's local communities is considered an important necessity. Thus, by knowing the correct methods of exploiting this valuable species and transferring it to the beneficiaries, while maintaining the survival and survival of this type of pasture, the economic power of rural communities can also be improved
 
Methodology
In this research, the economic effect and method of sap harvesting in two areas (Kal Segoosh and Dahane Godal) in Sheshtamed city (Sabzevar) were investigated for extracting Anghuzeh sap.
The scope of the Sabzevar Dahane Godal operation plan is located with an area of about 2214 hectares, at a distance of about 45 kilometers to the southeast of Sabzevar city. The scope of the Sabzevar Kal Segoosh Exploitation Project, with an area of about 2995 hectares, is located about 59 kilometers southeast of Sabzevar city. The average height of the Dahne Gudal and Kal Sanghosh areas is 1717 and 1528 meters, respectively. The annual rainfall in Dehne Gudal and Kal Saghosh is 258 and 235 mm, respectively. The minimum temperature in the two studied areas is 0.21 degrees below zero, and the maximum is 42 degrees above zero. The average slope of the pit and triangle area is 17% and 34%, respectively.
This research was carried out as a randomized complete block design in 2 areas, with 2 harvesting methods (horizontal method and vertical method) and 2 types of cuttings (8 cuttings and 10 cuttings) with 4 repetitions and 5 samples. Plant samples were selected randomly, and a total number of 80 plants in each habitat was selected. The money from the sale of Anghuzeh's liquid and dead water is used as the income and costs of the work, including the supervisor's fee, the property rights of natural resources, the implementation costs, and the net income, which are considered as the exclusive income of each operator.
 
Results and discussion
The results show that there is a significant difference at the 1% level (P-Value<=0.01) between the harvesting areas, the method of threshing, and the number of threshing pit openings is more than region 1 (triangular crop). Also, the vertical threshing method with 8 times of harvest gives the operator more yield than 10 times of threshing. In the studied areas, the vertical threshing method has more sap than horizontal shaving. The mutual effects of the region with the method of shaving and the region with the number of shaving are not significantly different (P-Value>=0.05). According to the daily sales prices of manufactured products, the daily income of each operator was 440 thousand tomans, so based on the worker's wage (at the time of investigation) is almost 2 times the daily wage of an ordinary worker at the village. This income is important considering the problems of employment in rural areas and the lack of productive work for the region's villagers. Most workers rely on this income and other side jobs to support themselves and their families throughout the year.
 
Conclusion
By-products are harvested from pastures as medicinal and industrial plants in different year seasons in many country regions. These products provide a part of the livelihoods of the residents of these areas and contribute to the stability of rural communities and their continued life. One of the main goals of government and local planners is to carry out methods that can continue this sustainability. Anghuzeh juice is considered one of Iran's most important export products due to its high added value. Although this product is exported in raw and bulk form from the country, the role it plays in the economy of rural communities cannot be hidden. Due to the climatic diversity and the range of distribution of Anghuzeh species in the country, numerous researches and sometimes different results have been obtained.
 
funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.