تحلیلی بر پایداری نظام‌های بهره برداری کشاورزی در روستاهای استان بوشهر (با تاکید برنظام خرده دهقانی)

Introduction

In today's era, agriculture and its subsets are considered as one of the most important tools and goals of the rural economy in developing countries, which can play a very decisive role in reducing poverty and sustainable rural development. Agriculture in every rural society is based on the exploitation systems of that society, these exploitation systems have a very vital role in sustainable rural development. Therefore, it can be seriously said that the sum of these exploitation systems is one of the main and most important issues in the agricultural sector of that society. It means organizational exploitation systems, composed of economic, social and technical factors, which are interconnected and with an integrated identity and organization within the framework of its biological, social and economic conditions and factors, the possibility of growing and producing agricultural products. provides Today, despite the scientific and technological advances, not only the problems of production in the villages have not decreased, but have increased and it is expected that the most vulnerable area of the users is in the agricultural sector. It is important to pay attention to this issue in developing countries. It is abundant, because in these countries, the majority of people provide their livelihood through agriculture,

Methodology

Considering that the current research is an analysis of the sustainability of agricultural exploitation systems, it has a practical approach and also this research is based on strategy, survey in terms of methodology and non-experimental in terms of the amount of monitoring and control of variables. It is done in a cross-sectional way. The information required for this study was collected in the field (questionnaire). The statistical population of this research is the villages of Bushehr province in the form of six cities, which includes agricultural exploitation systems (small peasants and rural production cooperatives, as well as members and management elements of rural production cooperatives). In this province, out of 23 rural production cooperative companies, six companies are inactive and seventeen companies are actively managed. We are the target society of this research is the small farmer exploitation system with 31728 beneficiaries. Due to the wideness of the statistical community of this research (Khard Dehghani) and also problems such as limited facilities and time, there is no data collection from all of these members, and sampling is done, which is random sampling and the sample size using Cochran's formula was obtained. The statistical population for the small farmer exploitation system is 31728, z equals 1.96, and p and q equal 5%. Therefore, the sample size is equal to 379 people and has been selected

Results and discussion

The results of the descriptive findings showed that 287 people, equal to 76% of the respondents, were men and 92 people, equal to 24% of the frequency, were women. 202 people, equal to 53% of the respondents, are married, and 177 people, equal to 47% of the frequency, are single. The number of 56 people is equal to 15% of respondents in the age group of 20 to 30 years, the number of 132 people is equal to 35% in the age group of 31 to 40 years, the number of 69 people is equal to 18% in the age group of 41 to 50 years, the number of 75 people Equal to 20% of the frequency in the age group of 51 to 60 years and the number of 47 people equal to 12% of the frequency are in the age group above 60 years. The number of 69 people is equal to 18% of the respondents in the sub-diploma education group, the number of 168 people is equal to 44% in the diploma education group, the number of 53 people is equal to 14% in the post-diploma education group, the number of 60 people is equal to 16% in the bachelor education group And the number of 29 people, equal to 8% of the frequency, are in the master's education group and above. Also, the results of the research show that 89 people, equal to 23% of the respondents, have less than 10 years of experience, 96 people, equal to 25% of the frequency, have between 10 and 15% of experience, 69 people, equal to 18% of Most of them have between 15 and 20 years of experience, 60 people, equal to 16% of the frequency, have between 20 and 25 years of experience, and 65 people, equal to 17% of the frequency, have more than 25 years of experience in exploitation units. .

Conclusion

The position and strategic role of the agricultural sector in providing the food needs of the society and national development has created the necessity of fundamental and all-round changes in the structure of agriculture through the recognition of the appropriate exploitation system in the framework of a long-term scientific planning. One of the exploitation systems that exists in the country is the small ownership exploitation system. This system mainly includes small and peasant units under 10 hectares. Each exploitation unit usually includes one exploiter household so that the number of peasant exploitation units is almost equal to the number of exploiter households of the unit. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the sustainability of small peasant farming systems in Bushehr province. The general results of the research show that the small-peasant exploitation systems in the villages of Bushehr province are unstable and have not been successful in the direction of the sustainable development of the studied villages, and most of the villagers do not pay attention to these exploitation systems and believe that These systems have not only been unable to play a significant role in the stability of the villages, but at times have also caused tensions among the villagers, and in addition, they have not brought good results for the villagers. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to provide basic and codified planning, in addition to preventing the fragmentation of most of the agricultural lands in the villages, to create conditions for the integration of rural agricultural lands and to increase productivity.