شناسایی و اولویت بندی عوامل سیاسی- اقتصادی موثر بر چالش های قومیتی بلوچ در درون جغرافیای سیاسی ایران

.

Introduction

The developments that have taken place during recent decades due to the process of globalization and the entry into the information age have expanded the flow of awareness and ethnic particularism in the country and have caused challenges in the country. Based on this, this article is trying to identify the influencing factors in the divergence of ethnicities (with emphasis on the Baloch ethnicity) in the political geography of Iran, to address principled and codified solutions to guide and integrate the ethnic identity into the Iranian national identity. Recognizing the most important reasons for the divergence of each ethnic group in Iran's political geography can help formulate appropriate strategies to overcome the challenges caused by the ethnicity debate.



Methodology



The current research is of a descriptive-correlation type and based on the structural equation model (SEM) and it is a survey in terms of its practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of this research The statistical population of this research includes 100 elites and cultural activists of Baloch ethnicity. All the questions in the questionnaires were closed-ended and evaluated based on a five-point Likert scale, so that each answer was assigned a score from 1 to 5. For more certainty, using the opinions of 8 political geography professors, the questionnaires were revised and their ambiguities were resolved to some extent.





Results and discussion



The factors of the political dimension: the attitude of the government towards the Baloch ethnic group with a score of 0.791 in the first place, the geographical (border) location of the Baloch ethnic group with a score of 0.79 in the second place, the way of political organization of space (unified and centralized government) on the space of Iran with a score of 0.731 in The third place is the difference between the political and religious ideology ruling the country with the Baloch ethnic group with a score of 0.73 in the fourth place, the type of political system ruling the space of Iran with a score of 0.663 in the fifth place, the geographical policies of the government (balancing or unbalancing the space) with a score of 0.662 In the sixth place, the political role of elites (ethnic-tribal) in the Baloch areas with a score of 0.658, in the seventh place, the feeling of discrimination among the Baloch ethnic group with a score of 0.642, in the eighth place, the level of political participation of the Baloch ethnic group at the national level with Score 0.635 in ninth place, the expansion of the Baloch ethnic group beyond the borders of Iran with a score of 0.624 in the tenth place, the selection of senior provincial managers from outside the province with a score of 0.602 in the eleventh place, the confrontation of national identity against ethnic identity in Baloch-inhabited areas with a score of 0.635 0.6 in the twelfth place, the level of influence and influence of clerics (from a religious point of view) with a score of 0.599, in the thirteenth place, the selection or non-election of native local administrators in the Baloch-inhabited areas (by the government or people) with a score of 0.594, in the fourteenth place, politics The foreign (border) of the country in relation to countries with Baloch ethnicity (Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc.) with a score of 0.561 in the 15th place, the politics of rival countries and their influence in Baloch-inhabited areas with a score of 0.493 in the 16th place, and the internal politics of the country Facing the Baloch ethnic group with a score of 0.443 in the 17th place.

Economic dimension factors: the income of the ethnic group compared to other citizens of the country with a factor coefficient score of 0.773 in the first place, the lack of attention of the macroeconomics to the studied area with a score of 0.764 in the second place, the level of access to facilities and services with a score of 0.73 in the third place, the existence and The spread of poverty among the ethnic group (compared to across the border) with a score of 0.707 in the fourth place, the state of development indicators and human poverty with a score of 0.706 in the fifth place, the amount of investment in the ethnic group's residential area compared to other countries with a score of 0.705 Sixth, the amount of investment in the ethnic group's residence area compared to across the border with a score of 0.695 in the seventh place, the status of the informal economy (smuggling) with a score of 0.687 in the eighth place, the existence and spread of poverty among the ethnic group with a score of 0.653 in the ninth place, economic insecurity With a score of 0.650 in the 10th place, the spatial inequality caused by the country's budgeting system with a score of 0.615 in the 11th place, the unemployment rate compared to other areas of the country with a score of 0.611 in the twelfth place, the level of development of the ethnic group's residential area (compared to across the border) with The score of 0.592 is in the thirteenth place, the difference in the level of economic development of the Baloch region of Iran compared to across the borders with a score of 0.592 in the fourteenth place and the income of the ethnic group compared to across the border with a score of 0.497 in the fifteenth place.





Conclusion

In general, as can be inferred from the findings of the research, the nature of the demands or divergence of Thom Baloch, both from the political and economic perspectives, is more than the economic aspect. That is, if the central government of Iran takes action in the field of poverty alleviation, establishment of geographical justice, elimination of the center-periphery development gap and regional inequalities, the divergence of the Baloch people will be in a neutral state, and in the next stages, through cultural approaches, The direction of strengthening this nation within the political geography of Iran moved in the direction of national unity and unity.