بررسی نوسان منابع آب بر امنیت و تنش‏های آب‌پایه در قلمرو فروملی) (نمونه پژوهی: شهرستان قاینات

Abstract :

Development and security are two intertwined and synergistic concepts. The development foundation is based on the quality of life of the people and the stability of the geographical space. The quality of life and the stability of the geographical space are reflected by the security of water resources. During the recent decades, due to various reasons such as agricultural development, industrial growth, population growth, climate changes, continuous and consecutive droughts, human access to water has been continuously reduced and its impact has been such that it has been created in most areas of Waiyat. Reliability, mana and human life are at risk. This damage has caused the attention of the landowners and researchers to water security. Qayinat city in South Khorasan province in the east of Iran with an average rainfall of 167 mm has been involved in continuous droughts and excess withdrawal from underground water reservoirs in the past two decades, a situation that has led to the intensification of social water-based tensions in the city over the past years. . The current article, which is applied and its ruling methodology is descriptive-analytical, and its results were compiled using a library method (publications, books, internet, and documents) and is based on the hypothesis that the decrease in rainfall and the drop in the level of aquifers in Kainat city with the increase in the number Disputes and lawsuits are related. The data and findings show that the indiscriminate extraction of underground water resources and the increase in the number of wells for agricultural engines in the 12 years ending in 1401, along with the downward slope of rainfall, industrial development and the creation of water-bearing industries (Qaynat Steel Factory) ), the increase in urbanization has caused the amount of tensions and conflicts in the field of water resources to increase, and its consequences have been manifested in the form of increasing tensions and lawsuits in the city in the water resources sector, and it has affected the water security of the region.

The management of territorial affairs at any scale requires the use of environmental capacities (human and natural). When the exploitation of biological foundations exceeds the environmental capacities, it leads to the fragility of biological foundations and the environment. Water is the most fundamental element linked to life and habitat, and any deficiency in its quantity and quality leads to a crisis and a threat to the security of the territory's environment. Biological security is a function of the natural elements of the ecosystem, biological foundations and natural resources. Over the past few decades, the increasing expansion and one-sided, tyrannical, exploitative, and unbalanced interaction of humans with nature in the form of extensive urbanization, erosive industrialization of the living space, excessive population growth, destruction of nature, climate changes, and pollution. living space has led to the erosion and destruction of natural resources in such a way that in many areas, including in the east of the country and the region of the universe, nature has lost the ability to self-repair and self-repair, and the reflection of this situation in the form of threatening the living space, creating tension And the conflict has been revealed in water issues.

Qayinat city with a semi-desert climate has always been involved in challenges and bottlenecks arising from the disproportionate temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Therefore, lack of water is the identity and characteristic of the nature of this city. According to statistics, in the 12 years ending in 1401, the rainfall in this city has been decreasing, so 98% of the city's area has been affected by drought in the period ending in 1402.

The data and statistics related to the water resources management of Kainat city show that although the rainfall has decreased due to the increasing need for new water resources in the 12 years ending in 1401, affected by the increase in population, the development policies of the agricultural sector, the increase in the urban population. etc., the number of motor wells in the agriculture, industry and drinking water sectors has increased from 506 to 702 wells, the output of which in the form of a sharp drop in the city's aquifers in the mentioned time period in the city's critical prohibited plains to 19.73 million cubic meters has reached and the social reflection of this situation has been manifested in the form of an upward trend in the number of base water lawsuits. With the operation of the Qaynat steel factory during 1403 (the physical progress of 95% of the smelting unit in 1402), the water needs for this industry will also increase. slow The situation that has been manifested in the past decade in the form of increasing tensions between local activists, brokers and government institutions, which with the view of the increasing consumption of aquifer resources, the threat to water security will become wider and deeper in the future. A situation that

In Qaynat city, especially in the fertile plains of Khazari and Beyaz plains, Esfaden and Qayin plains, it will be more visible and its reflection will be in the form of intensification of tension and conflict in the water-scarce environment of Qaynat for access to water resources, security It will affect the eastern part of the country. Therefore, in the coming years, this city will face more threats in the field of water security.

In order to increase the amount of water security in the universe, the following suggestions are presented:

1- Territoriality in Qaynat city has a synergistic and intertwined relationship with water resource management and management of tensions and conflicts arising from water scarcity. Therefore, restructuring in the field of water resources in an intelligent manner based on statistics (tensions, conflicts, rainfall, drought, withdrawal rate from reservoirs) is inevitable.

2- Continuous monitoring of the state of water resources and the amount of tensions in the city and upgrading the status of water base studies in the policy making structure for an effective and practical role in the decisions of the city.