تحلیل اثرات اشتغال زنان بر معیشت پایدار خانوارهای روستایی مطالعه موردی: دهستان مکریان غربی شهرستان مهاباد

ABSTRACT
Today, Given that half of the population consists of women, achieving gender equality has become one of the key goals of development. The present study is applied in nature, descriptive-analytical in approach, and quantitative in method. Data collection was conducted through library-based and field methods. The findings indicate a positive and direct correlation between women's employment and the sustainable livelihood of rural households. The results of the assessment of the desirability of sustainable livelihood dimensions using the one-sample t-test showed that all examined dimensions of sustainable livelihood are in a desirable state based on the t-statistic and significance level. The analysis of the desirability of women's employment dimensions using the one-sample t-test revealed that eight dimensions (employment, livestock rearing, agriculture, horticulture, income, individual, education, and ...) with t-statistics of 4/177, 11/523, 1/272, 3/369, 8/494, 15/066, 5/925, and 3/788, respectively, are desirable, while two dimensions, assets and handicrafts, with t-statistics of -0/751 and -2/190, respectively, were assessed as less than desirable. The findings showed that three dimensions—assets, agriculture, and handicrafts—with a significance level above 0/05, are in an undesirable state. Additionally, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicated that the identified factors significantly and positively affect women's employment and the sustainable livelihood of rural communities, with all indicators demonstrating the model's goodness of fit.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
When it comes to the issue of women’s gender, there exists a historical invisibility that reflects a gender culture that undermines the social role of women. However, analyzing rural developments now requires attention to gender, which is recognized as one of the key objectives of human rights and sustainable development, as well as an essential analytical concept and a fundamental prerequisite for achieving other development goals, including improving food security, child nutrition and education, poverty reduction, and women’s health. A wealth of information has now been gathered about the role and status of women in various societies, particularly in rural areas, making women’s position significantly more visible. This research focuses on the effects of women’s employment on sustainable livelihoods in rural areas, aiming to identify and analyze how women’s employment shapes sustainable livelihoods and its impact on the social and economic development of rural communities.
 
Methodology
The method of data collection was both library-based and field-based (questionnaires and observations), and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The research population comprises households from 6 villages in the Western Mokrian district, with a sample of 337 individuals. For the tests, SPSS was used, and for confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using Amos Graphics.
 
Results and discussion
The study's findings on the impact of women's employment on rural households' sustainable livelihoods, using the Pearson correlation coefficient with a significance level of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of 0.392, indicate a positive, direct relationship. In other words, there is a significant relationship between women's employment and the sustainable livelihoods of rural families. The findings regarding the desirability of the dimensions of sustainable livelihoods, assessed using a one-sample t-test, indicate that all dimensions are in a desirable state, as indicated by the t-statistic and significance level. Additionally, the analysis of the desirability of the dimensions of women’s employment, using a one-sample t-test, indicates that this level is desirable for eight dimensions (employment, livestock, agriculture, horticulture, income, individual, and education) with t-statistics of 4.177, 11.532, 1.272, 3.369, 8.494, 15.066, 5.925, and 3.788, respectively. However, the dimensions of assets and handicrafts were evaluated as less than desirable, with t-statistics of -0.751 and -2.190, respectively. The investigations revealed that the three dimensions of assets, agriculture, and handicrafts have a significance level above 0.05, indicating an undesirable status. The findings from the confirmatory factor analysis, based on structural equation modeling statistics, indicate that the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) is significant at 69.524, and the relative indices with a value of 0.040 for the root mean square residual (RMSR) and the comparative fit indices at 0.910 indicate a good fit for the model and confirm the adequacy of the model.
 
Conclusion
In the first section, through the application of inferential statistical tests, it can be concluded that, with the exception of three dimensions (assets, handicrafts, and agriculture), all other eight dimensions of women’s employment significantly impact the aspects of sustainable livelihoods (social, human, natural, physical, and financial) of rural households. Within the studied area, women’s employment in rural settings had the greatest impact on the social dimension of sustainable livelihoods, with a value of 29.465, while the least impact was observed on the financial dimension, with a value of 7.302. In the second part of the research, using confirmatory factor analysis, it can be concluded that women’s employment has a significant, positive impact on household sustainable livelihoods. The model demonstrates adequate power in terms of fit and significance regarding the influence of women’s employment on the sustainable livelihoods of rural communities in the Western Mokrian district.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.