3دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
امروزه در ساخت شهرها و تعیین اندام جغرافیایی آنها به تعادل شهر و ناحیه، روابط هماهنگ شهر و روستا، توازن فضایی و تعادل انسان و محیط می‌اندیشند. ایجاد و رویش قارچگونه شهری با اندام بلند جغرافیایی، در نواحی کشور آنجاکه روستاها پراکنده و نافشرده هستند و روابط ارگانیکی بین شهر و روستا وجود ندارد به فروپاشی این تعادل‌ها خواهد انجامید. بایستی برنامهریزیها به پیروی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، اقتصادی و انسانی ناحیه روی تمام شهرهای ناحیه، از کوتاهاندام گرفته تا روستاها توزیع و پخش شود تا ارتباط هماهنگ و متعادل ناحیه با تمام مراکز شهری حفظ شود. در مقالهی حاضر به بررسی عملکرد جمعیّتی ـ اقتصادی شهر میانی مرند در سطح فضایی شهرستان مرند پرداخته شده است. مدل‌های جمعیّتی نشان می‌دهند که شهر مرند، بهتنهایی80% از جمعیّت شهری شهرستان را دارد و 16 برابر شهر دوم شهرستان است. همچنین، 50% کل جمعیّت شهرستان تنها در شهر مرند ساکن هستند. ضریب کششپذیری نشان می‌دهد که شهر مرند از توان کششپذیری جمعیّتی بالایی برخوردار بوده، در حالی که ضریب کششپذیری بقیّهی شهرهای شهرستان پایین‌تر یا منفی بوده است، همچنین موازنهی مهاجرت در شهر مرند مثبت بوده و در مقابل موازنهی مهاجرت کلّ شهرستان منفی است. مدل‌های اقتصادی بیانگر نقش خدماتی شهر مرند در شرایط اقتصاد پایه‌ای است و بعد از آن بخش صنعت شرایط اقتصاد پایه‌ای را دارد، ولی بخش کشاورزی، هم در سطح شهرستان و هم در سطح شهر مرند، جزء اقتصاد پایه‌ای محسوب نمی‌شود. بررسی حوزهی نفوذ شهر مرند نشان می‌دهد که این شهر بخش عمده‌ای از خدمات را به حوزهی نفوذ اختصاص داده و در رفع نیازهای خدماتی برای حوزهی نفوذ در اهمّیّت نخست قرار دارد. درنهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که در کنار سرمایهگذاری در شهر میانهی مرند باید به شهرهای کوچک شهرستان، مانند کشکسرای، زنوز، یامچی و بناب جدید و روستاهای اطرف آنها از نظر تأمین خدمات، تأسیسات زیربنایی و رفع نیازها و کمبودها و ایجاد زمینه‌های اشتغال نیز توجّه کرد تا از این طریق با بهرهگیری از تمامی ظرفیّت‌های شهرستان مرند به توسعهی همهجانبهی آن کمک نمود.
The Spatial Analysis of Middle City Marand Function in Marand Level- County
نویسندگان [English]
H. Hataminezhad1؛ H. Poorhossein2؛ S. Mohammadpoor3؛ A. Manochehri Miandoab4
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today in Construction of cities and determining their geographical extremities paid to city and regional balance, coordinated urban and rural relationships, spatial balance and balance of human and environment. Creation and growth of sprawl in urban areas with long geographic extremities in regions of my country, disappears balances where villages are scattered and organizational relationships between urban and rural areas does not exist. Planning’s must been distributed to follow the physical, economic, humanity properties on all the area cities and short limbs ranging from murals, Until harmonious and balanced relationship with all the urban area is preserved.
Methodology
Methodology of research is comparative-analytical, Marand country and Marand city are geographic area of this study. Required information collected from the SCI, Management and Planning Organization of East Azerbaijan province, Housing and Urban Development Organization in province, the governor and municipality of Marand city, and has been analyzed through demographic and economic models and computer software has been analyzed. Thus, the "Tensile model", "Location Quotient" and "Shift-Share Analysis" is used. In this paper, function of Marand city as middle city, in social, special and economic structure of Marand country have been studied, with using model of economic, population and spheres of influence.
Models of population shifts Show increase in the special imbalance of country in over time. Based on the analysis population, this city can attract top people, especially from domain of country. System of population of country moves towards centralist with over time that is due to focus on facilities in the center of country. Checking tensile ratio, rates of immigration and growth rates the cities of Marand country, indicates that this country is immigrant transmitter, but the Marand city have power attract of population and its immigrants city, and transmission migratory phenomenon continues in rural settlements in country-level. Based on economic models in Marand city, two parts services and industry has based-economic conditions, and specially services sector in the employment in region and sphere of influence works successfully. Checking of shift-share analysis and Location Quotient model, shows that Marand city has service role in country-level in 1375-1385 course, and process increase the number of workers and shift-share analysis model shows strong growth in the service sector in Marand city so that study of increase rate employees in different parts of the Marand city and country indicate that industry and agriculture sectors in the period 1385 - 1375 has reduced in number of workers while the number of service workers has increased. Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and the periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country . therefore it is necessary While giving the facilities and services at higher rates to Marand city and eliminate them deficiencies and proportion with population growth in various aspects, must be attention to small towns and villages around it in terms of creating employment opportunities and provide educational and therapeutic services such as high levels and clinic, until organic growth is obtained to a small town, medium city, big city and villages in whole system, and the field to create a balanced urban system be provided. While private investment in these areas and deprived areas, use from control policies and incentives to invest in these areas.
The purpose of this paper is review the population - economic function middle city of Marand in space development- level. Population models show that only Marand city contains 80 percent of urban population into country and about 16 times larger than the second city. Also, only 50 percent of total city population is residing in the city of Marand. Marand city possess power tensile of population, while the tensile strength ratio has been lower or negative than other cities, also balance of migration in Marand city has been positive and in front of balance migration whole of country is negative. Economic models indicators that Marand city has services role and basic economic conditions and then industry sector contains a basic economics conditions, but also in the agricultural sector is component of non-basic economy in level of Marand city as well as country. review on spheres of influence from Marand city shows that a major part of the city's services dedicated to the sphere of influence and service needs for spheres of influence is first in importance, Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and them periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country.
Results and Discussion
Based on the analysis population, this city can attract top people, especially from domain of country. System of population of country moves towards centralist with over time that is due to focus on facilities in the center of country. Checking tensile ratio, rates of immigration and growth rates the cities of Marand country, indicates that this country is immigrant transmitter, but the Marand city have power attract of population and its immigrants city, and transmission migratory phenomenon continues in rural settlements in country-level. Based on economic models in Marand city, two parts services and industry has based-economic conditions, and specially services sector in the employment in region and sphere of influence works successfully. Checking of shift-share analysis and Location Quotient model, shows that Marand city has service role in country-level in 1375-1385 course, and process increase the number of workers and shift-share analysis model shows strong growth in the service sector in Marand city so that study of increase rate employees in different parts of the Marand city and country indicate that industry and agriculture sectors in the period 1385 - 1375 has reduced in number of workers while the number of service workers has increased. Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and the periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country. Therefore it is necessary While giving the facilities and services at higher rates to Marand city and eliminate them deficiencies and proportion with population growth in various aspects, must be attention to small towns and villages around it in terms of creating employment opportunities and provide educational and therapeutic services such as high levels and clinic, until organic growth is obtained to a small town, medium city, big city and villages in whole system, and the field to create a balanced urban system be provided. While private investment in these areas and deprived areas, use from control policies and incentives to invest in these areas.
Conclusion
The purpose of this paper is review the population - economic function middle city of Marand in space development- level. Population models show that only Marand city contains 80 percent of urban population into country and about 16 times larger than the second city. Also, only 50 percent of total city population is residing in the city of Marand. Marand city possess power tensile of population, while the tensile strength ratio has been lower or negative than other cities, also balance of migration in Marand city has been positive and in front of balance migration whole of country is negative. Economic models indicators that Marand city has services role and basic economic conditions and then industry sector contains a basic economics conditions, but also in the agricultural sector is component of non-basic economy in level of Marand city as well as country. review on spheres of influence from Marand city shows that a major part of the city's services dedicated to the sphere of influence and service needs for spheres of influence is first in importance, Besides investing in medium-size city of Marand city must be attention to small towns like Koshksaray, Zenouz, Yamchy new Bonab and them periphery villages from providing services and infrastructure, resolve needs and deficiencies and creation of field in employment as until from this through, helped to comprehensive development with utilization of all capacities to Marand country.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Marand, Marand Level-county, Population-economic Function, Sphere of Influence., The Middle City
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