تحلیل استقرار فضایی- کالبدی کارکردهای دانش‌بنیان در مقابل کارکردهای سنتی در شهر تهران (تحلیلی بر توزیع هسته‌های شهری تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر، با توجه به فرایند جهانی‌شدن اقتصاد و ضرورت‌های فضایی- کالبدی شهرها در این فرایند، در گام نخست ادبیات موجود در زمینة منطق استقرار فضایی کارکردهای شهری در عصر اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان و ساختارهای شهر چندهسته‌ای بررسی شده است و در گام دوم، با شناختی دربارة ضرورت‌های پیکربندی مجدد کارکردهای شهری به‌عنوان بخشی از افزایش توان در عرصة رقابت جهانی، شاخص‌ها درمورد شهر تهران به‌کار گرفته و بررسی و تحلیل شده است. در این راستا، با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف نرم‌افزاری و محاسباتی (مانند AHP_Phazzy، Janks و...)، پیکربندی فعالیت‌های شهری در تهران مشخص شده و درنهایت با عملیات رویهم‌اندازی لایه‌ها، مقایسه‌ای تطبیقی از استقرار کارکردهای سنتی و برتر ارائه شده است. محدودة مورد مطالعه شهر تهران درون محدودة شهری است و جامعة آماری شامل بیش از 6500 شرکت ارائه‌دهندة خدمات برتر به تفکیک 7 دسته شرکتی و تمامی فعالیت‌ها و کارکردهای سنتی در شهر تهران می‌شود. نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهندة پیکربندی متمرکز، تک‌اندامی و تک‌هسته‌ای در هر دو بخش کارکردهای منتخب و در عین حال انطباق بیش از 70 درصد حوزة استقرار کارکردهای برتر با خدمات سنتی است. همچنین انتقال هستة کانونی فعالیت از منطقة 12 به مرز مناطق 6 و 7 و همچنین بخشی از منطقة 3 به‌ویژه در بخش کارکردهای اداری و خدمات برتر قابل‌مشاهده است؛ یعنی مرکز فعالیتی شهر در عین حفظ ساختار تک‌هسته‌ای به سمت نیمة شمالی انتقال یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of spatial-physical location of the knowledge base functions in contrast to traditional functions in the city of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramin Saed Moucheshy 1
  • Keramatollah Ziari 2
  • Hosein Hataminejad 3
  • Rahmatollah Farhoodi 3
1 Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Urban areas reflect the structure of human societies. To understand the rules governing the structure of space in each period, it provides a way to change the future. In the current era, globalization as one of the major forces in the cities is formed with the ' 'placeless' logic. The emergence of global cities is associated with the decision of transnational companies. This is what it called 'illogic's' of globalization. The process of economic globalization raises the spatial-physical necessities. According to most of the researchers, there are some tools necessary to promote competitive power and influence in the global arena. Now, a central question in relation to the impact of globalization on cities can be argued: Is there the new urban spatial structure that can be attributed to globalization? If so, what are the spatial characters in cities under globalization? The despite the interaction of urban fabric with the globalization process, the urban space prepares the necessities such as: Face to face contact, Virtual and cyber infrastructure, attract the economic elites, restructuring the regional scale, and Increase in the global competitiveness of cities. Therefore, we consider this a two-way relationship.
 
Methodology
The Research is a head with the efforts to study the effects of the globalization process and the subsequent need for spatial- physical in conjunction with the urban restructuring, in the first step address to analyze the physical basis of globalization and the traditional services and knowledge-based service sector classification as core functions of the industrial and global era. In this case, by using different software and Computational methods (such as: Janks, AHP_Phazzy), we identified the formation of urban functions in Tehran and, comparative study of traditional and Knowledge base functions with the overlay operation.
The main questions that the research tries to response are:
1. What are the features, dimensions and indicators of global city?
2. How the methods of distribution and locating of the advanced producer services (APS) works in Tehran?
3. Is Tehran urban space formed according to the conditions of globalization and global cities?
The hypotheses of the study are as follows:
1. It seems that Tehran is the city if Tehran has not have the capacity building appropriate to the circumstances and characteristics of globalization.
2. It seems that the distribution and locating of advanced producer services (APS) in Tehran is formed centralized and in relation to the needs of the global cities spaces, formed cluster and centralized around the traditional functions.
 
Results and Discussion
In this regard, it is designed in three steps: firstly, Distribution analysis of the traditional services attracted potential in 6 levels in case of numbers areas and job; secondly, distribution analysis of the advanced producer service (APS in 6 levels), and thirdly, to review the establishment and implementation of locating condition of having physical indexes of the space of global cities. The study area of this research is the metropolitan area of Tehran. The statistical population is more than 7000 companies offering advanced producer services in 7 levels. In the first part of the study results show centralized structure and monocentric in the case study and in the second part represents the most effective access to complementary services and advanced producer services. Also looking for these indexes, advanced producer services are mainly located in the areas where place is at a high level of quality of life and social identity. Despite the establishment of configuration functions and advanced producer services in Tehran, it is not consistent with the requirements of the globalization restructuring.
In general, the research with design of urban space restructuring, emphasizes on urban infrastructure required to accept the world rules in the physical-spatial kinds as the main action. Although the physical infrastructure among these infrastructures is seen as dependent variable, but it has an important role in promoting and achieving global competitiveness without these infrastructures, there was no prospect of a positive global impact.
 
Conclusion
However, we can see the establishment of corporate sector of the world cities services in Tehran- although with the poor logics. But in other levels, none of the conditions of globalization is observed. Tehran is the only "dense center" of advanced producer services in the national scale. Therefore, you cannot say that the city is inside the other city, such as global cities. Recognizing this area is not available with numbers.
The result is that in Tehran “Space of flows” pattern has not been formed. This pattern is formed based on transition from “space of place” to “space of flows”. Distribution and transmit is based on the “decentralized centralization” and organizational high density and clustering of functions. Thus, the urban management institution should be considered in this regard.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Advanced Producer Services (APS)
  • The City of Tehran
  • Knowledge Base Functions
  • Traditional Functions

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پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی
دوره 49، شماره 1
فروردین 1396
صفحه 1-18

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 تیر 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اسفند 1394

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