بهینه سازی مدیریت شبکه حمل و نقل اضطراری کلان شهرتهران پس از سوانح طبیعی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت شهری، دانشگاه تهران

3 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت سوانح طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

توجه به آینده، همواره از مهم­ترین اهداف کشور‌ها محسوب می­شود؛ بنابراین، شناخت تهدیدها و آسیب­‌ها، یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل دستیابی به آینده و آینده­پژوهی به­روش سناریونویسی، یکی از کارآمدترین روش‌های مطالعة آینده است که با شناخت عوامل اصلی مؤثر بر مدیریت بحران در شبکة حمل‌ونقل و نیز تأثیر نیرو‌های مؤثر، شاکله و چارچوب سناریو‌های تهدید، سوانح طبیعی و آسیب­پذیری آیندة شهر‌های بزرگ را شناسایی می­کند و آن‌ها را به فرصت تبدیل می­کند. به­همین­منظور، در چارچوب این مقاله سعی بر آن است که با استفاده از آینده‌‌‌‌‌‌پژوهی به‌عنوان یک علم جدید- که در کشورهای مختلف دنیا روزبه­روز کاربردی­تر می­شود و روش­های جدیدی از آن برای ساختن آینده­ای مطلوب­تر ارائه می­شود- روش­هایی متناسب با شیوه­های برنامه­ریزی حمل‌ونقل اضطراری شهری مطرح شود که شرایط مطلوب توسعة پایدار را- که از آرمان­های این علم است- برآورده کند. درحقیقت، آینده‌‌‌‌‌‌پژوهی در مدیریت سوانح طبیعی، تصمیم‌گیری برای فرایندی است که در زمان حال انجام می­شود، اما حاصل آن، خلق آینده‌ای بهتر است. این روش برای تقویت توان و تحلیل آینده و توان نفوذ و مداخلة سازمان‌های مرتبط در آینده، برای تبدیل تهدید شبکة حمل‌ونقل در برابر سوانح طبیعی به فرصتی برای امدادرسانی اضطراری و تعیین نقش مؤثر در موفقیت عملیات نیروهای امداد و نجات در شهر تهران است. این مقاله با رویکرد آینده‌‌‌‌‌‌پژوهی برای بهینه‌سازی کارایی مدیریت شبکة حمل‌ونقل مناطق شهر تهران، مبتنی بر فرایند‌های مدیریت حمل‌ونقل اضطراری به آن ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Emergency Transportation Network Management of Tehran Metropolis after Natural Hazards with Future Research Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Amiri 1
  • Shahnaz Norouzy 2
  • Alireza Najari 3
1 Associate professor of government management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 MA in urban management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 MA in disaster management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The city of Tehran is located in a seismic prone area in an active part of Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic belt (Alborz Mountain Range) and has surrounded by several active faults. This city has also experienced some destructive earthquakes in its history. Tehran is a city with about ten million people living or commuting in and out of it on a daily basis. The history of the region indicates strong earthquakes with magnitude of 7.0 and higher, with a return period of 175 years. With the constant threat of strong earthquakes, the city of Tehran and the scientific body have joined together to prepare and implement a comprehensive plan for different aspects of the earthquake reduction policies. This is necessary to focus on disaster mitigation strategies for the city.
In the common transportation and traffic literature, optimization of transport management structure under emergency conditions as a kind of designing non-continuous traffic management network in terms of systematic management has not been regarded enough in the development of the city. Thus, the main goal of this article with the purpose of pre-accident future prediction is to improve performance and reduce time of conceptual optimization of emergency transport management structure so that we can offer initial facilities and necessary rescues to cover all requests in the related districts in different levels, and select routes with possibility of blocked routes in natural accidents by sufficient facilities as soon as possible.
 
Methodology
The main goal of formulation and implementation of the disaster management master plan for Tehran is to secure the lives and properties of the citizens against a possible devastating earthquake. This is an applied, descriptive- analytical research and the data were collected in a documentary (library) method. The necessary information and statistics were gathered from some government centers such as Tehran general traffic studies center and Tehran crisis management. This research tries to suggest a model for optimization of structure for emergency transport management of trips relative to the total network after earthquake in a district by passing the following steps: First phase, in this phase, we used existing maps of Tehran fault seismicity history of futures research approach to assessment of natural hazards in 22 districts of Tehran. Second phase, this is to identify highways within the mind. Third stage, in this stage, the risk analysis of transportation networks vulnerable to earthquakes is investigated in Tehran. Fourth stage, in this stage, the means of emergency transportation were obtained by selecting a subset of a given set of curves of the highway networks so that the objective function is optimized within the limits of travel time. Step five; finally, a conceptual model of emergency transportation management system is presented for optimization of Tehran.
 
Results and discussion
Transportation has strategic and critical importance for relief of earthquake injuries.  Therefore, the first thing to be immediately prepared and amended is the access routes for rescued persons. Logic prediction of traffic demand after earthquake is principal foundation of possible transportation performed before programming and traffic control, which is a kind of guarantee for a successful rescue and saving. The principle of emergency response is the recognition and evaluation of potential risk, type of accidents, and possibility of occurrence and the effect of accident intensity. In emergent urban plans, a definite headquarter framework and integrated operational chart shall be available after earthquake, especially in metropolitans, for local emergency transport programs and management centers.
 
Conclusion
Due to high congestion and high mobility of population, buildings and cars, urban settlement and public places, Tehran Metropolitan has a considerable intracity trips. The limitations and problems arisen from deficiencies and lack of a dynamic and stable, and however, effective transport navigation shows necessity of an advanced network in urban transport navigation. It shall be moreover noted that emergency transport management is not limited to the framework of routing methods and reduction of rescue time. The savior’s ideas and maneuver in emergency develops this fact that the  emergency transport management and optimization of the management of efficiency improvement will be considered as the main elements of transportation to provide a flowing traffic movement in highways and streets in emergency in shortest time to reduce and omit serious damages of earthquake.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • emergency transport
  • Future Studies
  • natural disaster
  • optimization
  • TEHRAN
1. آل رسول، س، 1385 ، بررسی روش های کاهش تبعات ناشی از زلزله بر شریان های حیاتی شهر تهرا
2. احمدی، ح، 1376 ، نقش شهرسازی در کاهش آسیبپذیری شهر، مجلة مسکن و
3. بالایی لنگرودی، ب، 1390 ، ارزیابی آسیبپذیری شبکة حمل ونقل در برابر زلزله، پایاننامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران.
4. بهبهانی، حمید، 1388 ، مهندسی ترافیک و حمل ونقل، سازمان شهرداری ها و دهیاری های کشور، تهران.
5. جایکا، 1380 ، گزارش نهایی پروژة ریزپهنهبندی لرز های تهران بزرگ.
6. حسنی، ن، 1383 ، زلزله در آلبوم تجربه فراگیری مهندسی زلزله با مشاهدة خرابیها، مرکز مطالعات بحران های طبیعی در صنعت. -
7. حسنی، ن، 1383 ، ضرورت بازنگری در مدیریت بحران زلزله در ایران، مجموعه مقالات کارگاه مشترک ایران و ژاپن.
8. حسینی، م، شبکة حمل ونقل تهران تا چه حد در برابر زلزله آماده است، پژوهشکدة سازة پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزله.
9. حسینی، م، 1387 ، مدیریت بحران، نشر شهر، تهران.
10 . حسینی، م، منتظرالقائم، س و نوروزی، ر، 1389 ، زلزلة بزرگ ون چوان چین، سازمان پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران شهر تهران.
11 . درویشزاده، ع، 1370 ، زمینشناسی ایران، نشر دانش امروز وابسته به انتشارات امیرکبیر، تهران
. سیدحسینی، س. م، 1386 ، برنامهریزی مهندسی حمل ونقل و تحلیل جابهجایی مواد، انتشارات دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران.
13 . شریعت، الف، 1380 ، ارزیابی شریان های حیاتی هنگام زلزله، رسالة دکتری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران.
14 . شهرداری تهران، 1390 ، مشخصات شبکة بزرگراهی و راههای درون شهری تهران، معاونت حمل ونقل و ترافیک تهران.
15 . عبدالهی، م، 1383 ، مدیریت بحران در نواحی شهری، انتشارات سازمان شهرداری ها و دهداری های کشور، تهران.
16 . مرکز مطالعات زلزله و زیستمحیطی تهران بزرگ، 1377 ، گزارش پروژة ریزپهنهبندی لرز های تهران بزرگ، شهرداری تهران.
17 . معینفر، 1373 ، مجموعه اطلاعات پایة زلزله های ایران، مؤسسة نمایشگاه های فرهنگی ایرا
مقدم، ح، 1375 ، مهندسی زلزله، جلد اول: مبانی و اصول بارگذاری لرزهای، انتشارات مرکز تحقیقات و مطالعات راه و ترابری.
18 . یمینیفرد، ف، سیاهکالی مرادی، ع، متولی عنبران، ع، نوروزی، ر و نقوی، م، 1388 ، لرزهخیزی و ساختار سرعتی پوستة تهران،
سازمان پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران شهر تهران.
19.Abdollahi, M., 2004, Crisis Management in Urban Districts, State Municipalities and Governorships Organization Publication. (In Persian)
20. Ahmadi, H., 1997, Role of Urban Planning in Reducing City Vulnerability, Maskan & Enghelab Magazine. (In Persian)
21.Alerasoul, S., 2006, Study of Methods of Reducing Earthquake Outcomes in Critical Tehran Streets. (In Persian)
22.Balaei Langroudi, B., 2011, Evaluation of Transport Network Vulnerability against Earthquake, M.S Thesis, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
23. Basőz, N. and Kiremidjian, A. S., 1996, Risk Assessment for Highway Systems, Report No. 118, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University and Stanford, CA.
24.Behbahani, H., 2009, Traffic and Transport Engineering, State Municipalities and Governorships Organization, Tehran. (In Persian)
25.Chang, S. E. and Nojima, N., 1999, Measuring Lifeline System Performance: Highway Transportation System in Recent Earthquakes, Proceedings of the 6th National Earthquake Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 70, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), Oakland, CA.
26. Chang, S. E. and Nojima. N., 2001, Measuring Post-Disaster Transportation System Performance: The 1995, Kobe Earthquake in Comparative Perspective (J). Transportation Research Part A.
27.Chang, S. E., Seligson, H. A. and Eguchi, R. T., 1996, Estimation of the Economic Impact of Multiple Lifeline Disruption: Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division Case Study, Technical Report NCEER-96-0011, National Cente for Earthquake Engineering Research, University at Buffalo.
28.Chiang, W. and Jin, L., 1992, The Counter Measures for Urbanization Integrated Disaster in China (M), Peking: Chinese Construction Industry Publisher.
29. Darvishzadeh, A., 1991, Iranian Geology, Danesh Emrouz Publication, Affiliated to Amirkabir University Publication. (In Persian)
30. Greater Tehran Earthquake & Environmental Studies Center, 1998, Report of Greater Tehran Sub-Zoning Project Report, Tehran Municipality. (In Persian)
31. Hassani, N., 2004, Earthquake in Experience, Learning Earthquake Engineering by Seeing Damages, Center of Studies of Natural Crises in Industry. (In Persian)
32. Hassani, N., 2004, Necessity of Revision of Earthquake Crisis management in Iran, collection of articles of Iran and Japan joint workshop. (In Persian)
33. Hosseyni, M., , How Ready is Tehran Transport Network Against Earthquake, Structural Research Institute of International Earthquake Research Center. (In Persian)ن.
34. Hosseyni, M., 2008, Crisis Management, Shahr Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
35. Hosseyni, M., Montazer Alghaem, S. and Nowrouzi, R., 2010, Great Van Chuan Earthquake in China, Tehran Crisis Management & Prevention Organization. (In Persian)
36. Houshiya, M., 1981, Seismic Damage Restoration of Underground Water Pipeline, Proceedings of US-Japan Cooperation Res. Seismic Risk Analysis and Its Application to Lifeline System.
37. Isoyama, R., Iwata, T. and Watanabe, T., 1985, Optimization of Post-Earthquake Restoration of City Gas Systems, Proceeding of the Trilateral Seminar Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan.
38. Jaika, 2001, Final Report of Greater Tehran Seismic Sub-Zoning Project. (In Persian)
39. Koyke, Y., Ide, O., Takahashi, R., Bas, M. and Özhan, M., 2004, The Study on a Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul part 2, Evaluation of Urban Vulnerability 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering ,Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
40. Kozin, F. and Zhou, H., 1990, System Study of Urban Response and Reconstruction Due to Earthquake Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE.
41. Liang Chang Amr S. Elnashai Billie F. Spencer, Transportations Systems Modeling and Applications in Earthquake Engineering, Report No. 10-03, Mid- America earthquake center, 2010.
42. Liu Chunguang, Du Wei, Zhai Tong. Reliability of the Seismic Cabalitity of Urban Transportation System (J).Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1999.
43.Mehlhorn Sandy, 2009, A Method For Prioritizing Highway Routes for Reconstruction after a Natural Disaster, A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree the University of Memphis, December.
44.Moeinfar, 1994, C ollection of Basic Information of Iranian Earthquakes, Iran Cultural Exhibitions Institute. (In Persian)
45.Moghaddam, H., 1996, Earthquake Engineering, Volume 1: Fundamentals & Principles of Seismologic Loading, Road & Transportation Studies Center Publication. (In Persian)
46. Naga, P. and Fan, Y. Y., 2007, Quick Estimation of Network Performance Measures Using Associative Memory Techniques, Transportation Research.
47. Seyedhosseyni, S. M., 2007, Materials Displacement Analysis & Transport Engineering Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology Publication. (In Persian)
48. Shariat, A., 2001, Evaluation of Critical Routes in Earthquake, PhD Dissertation, Iran University of Science & Technology Publication. (In Persian)
49. Tehran Municipality, 2011, Specifications of Highway Network and Tehran Intracity Roads, Tehran Traffic & Transport Deputy Office. (In Persian)
50.Wakabayashi, H. and Kameda, H., 1992, Network Performance of Highway Systems Under Earthquake Effects: A Case Study of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, The 5th US-Japan Workshop in Earthquake Disaster Prevention for Lifeline Systems, Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba Science City, Japan.
51.Wang Zhitao, Wang Ling, Zhang Xiuyan. Nonlinear on Urban Traffic Analysis System Based on GIS for the Optimal Path after the Earthquake (J). Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering) 2008.
52. Yaminifard, F., Siahkali, A., Motevalli Anbaran, A., Norouzi, R. and Naghavi, M., 2009, Seismicity and Speed Crust Structure of Tehran, Tehran Crisis Management & Prevention. (In Persian)
53. Zhang, R. H., 1992, Lifeline Interaction and post-earthquake urban system reconstruction, Proceedings of 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam.2002