تحلیل اثرات مشارکت شهروندی بر مدیریت یکپارچة شهری با رویکرد حکمروایی خوب (مطالعة موردی: شهر یاسوج)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‏ریزی شهری

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت موضوع مدیریت یکپارچة شهری و همچنین مشارکت شهروندی در امور شهری، هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل اثرات مشارکت شهروندی بر مدیریت شهری شهر یاسوج است. روش تحقیق در این بررسی از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده که آمار و اطلاعات آن از طریق روش‏های پیمایشی مانند پرسش‏نامه و مصاحبه به‏دست آمده است. جامعة آماری این پژوهش را مدیران و کارکنان حوزة مدیریت شهری و شهروندان شهر یاسوج تشکیل می‏دهند که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برای شهروندان نمونه‏ای به حجم 383 نفر و برای مدیران 20 نفر با روش نمونه‏گیری تصادفی طبقه‏ای انتخاب شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها از آمار استنباطی شامل آزمون تی تک‏نمونه‏ای، تحلیل خوشه‏ای، جدول توافقی، آزمون همگونی کای دو، و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شده است. نتایج آزمون T تک‏نمونه‏ای برای جامعة آماری شهروندان و مدیران نشان می‏دهد که از نظر جامعه‏های آماری مورد مطالعه میزان مشارکت و رعایت اصول و استانداردهای حکمروایی در سطح خوب برآورد شده است. همچنین، نتایج آزمون کای دو و پیرسون نشان می‏دهد که بین دو متغیر مشارکت و حکمروایی خوب در شهر یاسوج در سطح 99 درصد رابطة مستقیم و معناداری پابرجاست. میزان ضریب همبستگی (77/0) نشان‏دهندة میزان شدت این رابطه است. این بدان معناست که مشارکت شهروندان در ابعاد مختلف مدیریت شهری به تحقق مدیریت یکپارچة شهری منجر خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The analysis of citizen cooperation effects on urban management with the proper government approach( case study: Yasuj city)

نویسنده [English]

  • Hasan Hekmatnia
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Over recent decades, citizens' participation in modern society has attracted a great deal of
attention. Participation in urbanization is also proposed at different stages such as planning,
design preparation, design implementation, and urban management and administration, and in
various forms such as participation in decision making, participation in financing, paying the
cost of designs implementation, participation in provision of human resources, and involvement
in design benefits. Various models have been presented in the modern urban management system
to eradicate the urban problems and challenges. Today, one of these models is considered as the
dominant model of urban management and is the urban governance model. In this model, the
responsibility for public administration has been divided among three institutions: government,
civil society, and private sector.
Research method: Considering research nature, the current research is an applied study. It was
conducted using descriptive-analytical method. The required data were collected through library
resources, including taking note and using Internet, and via field study, including questionnaire
and interview. The research statistical population consisted of citizens who are living in Yasuj
city, managers, and urban affairs staffs. According to the modified Cochran formula, the required
sample size for citizens and managers was calculated to be 383 and 20 persons, respectively.
Additionally, in order to determine the rate of people participation in urban management, as well
as to determine the rate of urban managers' adherence to the principles of good governance, one-
sample t-test was used.
Results and Discussion
Results obtained from describing the characteristics of individuals in the statistical population
show that most of the respondents among citizens were in the age range of 25-35 years and
among managers were in the age range of 35-45years. Of the whole respondent sample for
citizens, 81.1% were male and 18.9% were female, and of the whole respondent sample for
managers, 96% were male and 4% were female. The average dimension of these individuals'
household is 3.4 and 2.9 for citizens and managers, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results of the research show that the rate of citizens' participation in the city's management
affairs is at a very good level such that of the 16 investigated components, the citizens and
managers have only estimated the citizens' participation in the urban management affairs to be at
moderate level in five components. They estimated other components to be at strong level.
Results show that of the 22 investigated components, 2 components were evaluated to be at weak
level, 9 components were evaluated to be at moderate level, and 11 components were evaluated
to be at strong level.Several models have been proposed in urban modern management to
solve city problems and challenges. One of these patterns, which today is
the dominant model in urban management, is the urban governance model.
Considering the importance of consistent urban management and also
citizen cooperation in urban affairs, this study aims at analyzing the effects
of citizen cooperation on urban management in the city of Yasuj.
The research method is descriptive- analytic in which the data has been
elicited using survey method. The populations of the study are the
managers and employers of the urban management domain and the
citizens of Yasuj. Using Kukran formula, a sample of 383 for citizens and
a sample of 20 for managers have been selected randomly. To analyze the
data, inferential statistics including (one-sample t-test, cluster analysis,
contingency table, k-2 test, Pearson correlation index) have been utilized.
The findings from one-sample t-test showed that the amount of
cooperation and consideration of ruling principles and standards is at a
good level in the population of citizens and managers. Moreover, the
results of K-2 and Pearson tests indicate that there is a direct and
meaningful relationship (at 99% level) between the two variables of
cooperation and good ruling in the city of Yasuj.
Several models have been proposed in urban modern management to
solve city problems and challenges. One of these patterns, which today is
the dominant model in urban management, is the urban governance model.
Considering the importance of consistent urban management and also
citizen cooperation in urban affairs, this study aims at analyzing the effects
of citizen cooperation on urban management in the city of Yasuj.
The research method is descriptive- analytic in which the data has been
elicited using survey method. The populations of the study are the
managers and employers of the urban management domain and the
citizens of Yasuj. Using Kukran formula, a sample of 383 for citizens and
a sample of 20 for managers have been selected randomly. To analyze the
data, inferential statistics including (one-sample t-test, cluster analysis,
contingency table, k-2 test, Pearson correlation index) have been utilized.
The findings from one-sample t-test showed that the amount of
cooperation and consideration of ruling principles and standards is at a
good level in the population of citizens and managers. Moreover, the
results of K-2 and Pearson tests indicate that there is a direct and
meaningful relationship (at 99% level) between the two variables of
cooperation and good ruling in the city of Yasuj.Several models have been proposed in urban modern management to
solve city problems and challenges. One of these patterns, which today is
the dominant model in urban management, is the urban governance model.
Considering the importance of consistent urban management and also
citizen cooperation in urban affairs, this study aims at analyzing the effects
of citizen cooperation on urban management in the city of Yasuj.
The research method is descriptive- analytic in which the data has been
elicited using survey method. The populations of the study are the
managers and employers of the urban management domain and the
citizens of Yasuj. Using Kukran formula, a sample of 383 for citizens and
a sample of 20 for managers have been selected randomly. To analyze the
data, inferential statistics including (one-sample t-test, cluster analysis,
contingency table, k-2 test, Pearson correlation index) have been utilized.
The findings from one-sample t-test showed that the amount of
cooperation and consideration of ruling principles and standards is at a
good level in the population of citizens and managers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cooperation
  • urban management
  • citizen centrality
  • municipality
  • Yasuj
  1. ابراهیم‏زاده، عیسی و فاطمی‏نژاد، خدیجه، 1393، تحلیلی بر مشارکت شهروندی و مدیریت شهری در شهرهای کوچک، مطالعة موردی: شهر کوچک یونسی، مجلة پژوهش و برنامه‏ریزی شهری، س ۵، ش ۱۶، صص ۱۹ـ38.
  2. ازکیا، مصطفی و غفاری، غلامرضا، 1380، بررسی رابطه بین اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی در نواحی روستایی شهر کاشان، مجلة علوم اجتماعی، ش 17، صص ۳ـ۳۳.
  3. تاری، مهتا و رضایی، میثم، 1398، سنجش و ارزیابی میزان حکمروایی خوب شهری در محله‏های شهر فردوسیة شهرستان شهریار، مجلة پژوهش‏های جغرافیای انسانی، دورة 51، ش 1.
  4. تقوایی، مسعود؛ بابانسب، رسول و موسوی، چمران، 1388، تحلیلی بر سنجش عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت شهروندان در مدیریت شهری (منطقة 4 شهر تبریز)، مطالعات و پژوهش‏های شهری و منطقه‏ای، س ۱، ش ۲، صص ۱۶ـ 36.
  5. حاتمی‏نژاد، حسین؛ بذرافکن، شهرام و آروین، محمود، 1396، تحلیل نقش الگوی حکمروایی خوب شهری در کاهش آسیب‏پذیری مسکن شهری در برابر زلزله، فصل‏نامة مطالعات برنامهریزی سکونتگاه‏های انسانی، دورة 12، ش 3 (پیاپی 40)، صص 617-599.
  6. حکمت‏نیا، حسن و موسوی، میرنجف، 1386، سنجش میران و عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی شهروندان از عملکرد شهرداری (مطالعة موردی؛ شهر یزد)، مجلة جغرافیا و توسعه، دورة 5، ش 9.
  7. حکمت‏نیا، حسن؛ ملکی، محمد؛ موسوی، میرنجف؛ افشانی، علیرضا، 1396، سنجش میزان تحقیق‏پذیری حکمروایی خوب شهری در ایران (مورد مطالعه: شهر ایلام)، پژوهش‏های جغرافیای انسانی، دورة 49، ش 3.
  8. رضادوست، کریم و همکاران، 1388، بررسی عوامل مؤثر در مشارکت اجتماعی شهروندان جامعة شهری اسلام، مجلة جامعه‏شناسی کاربردی، س ۲۰، شمارة پیاپی 35، ش 3، صص ۹۷ـ110.
  9. زندیه، الناز، 1395، بررسی عملکرد شهرداری‏ها در چارچوب رویکرد حکمروایی خوب شهری (نمونة موردی: شهرداری شهر ملایر)، فصل‏نامة آمایش محیط، ش 39، صص ۵۹-76.
  10. زیاری، کرامت‏الله و دیگران، 1388، بررسی مشارکت شهروندی و نقش آن در مدیریت شهری شهرهای کوچک (نمونة موردی: شهرهای گله‏دار، ورزنه، و هیدج)، مجلة جغرافیا و توسعة ناحیه‏ای، ش ۱۳، صص ۲۱۱ـ235.
  11. زیاری، کرامت‏الله؛ نیک‏پی، وحید و حسینی، علی، 1392، سنجش میزان مشارکت شهروندان در مدیریت شهری بر اساس الگوی حکمرانی خوب شهری، مطالعة موردی شهر یاسوج، فصل‏نامة مسکن و محیط روستا، ش 141، صص ۶۹ـ86.
  12. سلیمی، فاطمه، 1389، مشارکت اجتماعی در مدرسه، مجلة رشد آموزش علوم اجتماعی، دورة 13، ش 3، صص ۵۸ـ63.
  13. سیف‏الدّینی، فرانک؛ نادری، رمضان‏علی؛ احمدی، محمد و زارعی، مهلا، 1397، تحلیل مشارکت شهروندی و رابطة آن با تکالیف و رضایتمندی شهروندان در شهر جدید گلبهار، فصل‏نامة شهر پایدار، دورة 1، ش 3.
  14. شریف‏زاده اقدام، ابراهیم؛ شیخی، عبدالله و شکوهی، محمداجزاء، 1397، ارزیابی حکمروایی خوب در پایداری محله‏های شهری پیرانشهر، فصل‏نامة شهر پایدار، دورة 1، ش 3.
  15. علوی‏تبار، علیرضا، 1378، بررسی الگوهای مشارکت شهروندان در ادارة امور شهرها (تجارت جهانی و ایران)، ج ۱، تهران: انتشارات سازمان شهرداری‏های کشور.
  16. علیزاده، هادی؛ نعمتی، مرتضی و رضایی جعفری، کامران، 1394، تحلیلی بر معیارهای حکمروانی خوب شهری با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله‏مراتبی فازی، مطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای، س ۶، ش ۱.
  17. مختاری ملک‏آبادی، رضا؛ ابراهیمی بوزانی، مهدی و شاه‏مزری بندرآبادی، علیار، 1397، روش‏های سامان‏دهی و بهسازی بافت قدیم شهر نجف‏آباد با استفاده از مدل دیکور،‏ فصل‏نامة مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری، س ۴، ش 15.
  18. مرکز آمار ایران، 1395، سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، یاسوج.
  19. معنی، منوچهر، 1382، مشارکت اجتماعی در ایران، تهران: آرون.
  20. موحد، علی؛ قاسمی کفرودی، سجاد؛ کمان‏رودی، موسی و ساسان‏پور، فرزانه، 1393، بررسی حکمروایی خوب شهری در محله‏های شهری (مورد مطالعه: منطقة 9 شهرداری تهران)، فصل‏نامة علمی- پژوهشی مطالعات برنامهریزی شهری، س ۲، ش ۷.
  21. موسوی، سیدچمران؛ تاتی، فرزانه و شریفی آرادانی، فاطمه، 1394، مشارکت شهروندان و نقش آن در حکمروایی خوب شهری (مطالعة مورد کلان‏شهر کرج)، کنفرانس بینالمللی پژوهش در علوم و تکنولوژی، دورة اول، تهران: مؤسسة مدیران ایده‏پردازان پایتخت ایلیا.
  22. مهندسین مشاور همسو، 1375، طرح تفصیلی شهر یاسوج، وزارت راه و شهرسازی.
  23. میرموسی، سیدعلی، 1375، مبانی دینی و فرهنگ سیاسی مشارکتی، فصل‏نامة نقد و نظر، ش ۳ و ۴، صص ۸۶ـ111.
  24. یغفوری، حسین؛ هادیانی، زهره و رفیعیان، سجاد، 1393، بررسی ظرفیت و قابلیت‏های مشارکت شهروندان در امور شهری فسا، مجلة جغرافیا و توسعة شهری، ش 34، صص ۸۳ـ98.
  25. ‏‫Alavi Tabar, Alireza, 2000, A Study of Citizens’ Participation Patterns in Urban Management (World Trade and Iran). Tehran: Publications of the Municipalities Organization.
  26. ‏‫Alizadeh, Hadi; Nemati, Morteza and Rezaei Jafari, Kamran, 2015, An Analysis of Good Urban Governance Criteria Using Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Method. Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 6, No. 1.
  27. ‏‫Azkia, Mostafa and Ghaffari,Gholamreza, 2001, A Study of the Relationship between Trust and Social Participation in Rural Areas of Kashan, Journal of Social Sciences, No. 17, PP. 3-33.
  28. Bannet, Fran, 2004, Development of social Security, Social Policy Review, University of Bristol, Grear Britain: The Policy Press.
  29. ‏‫Bednarska-Olejniczak, Dorota; Olejniczak, Jarosław and Svobodová, Libuše, 2019, Towards a smart and sustainable city with the involvement of public participation—the case of Wroclaw, Sustainability, 11, No. 2, PP. 332.
  30. ‏‫Bennett, Fran, 2004, Developments in social security. SOCIAL POLICY REVIEW-HARLOW, PP. 45-60.
  31. ‏‫Coordinated Consulting Engineers, 1996, Detailed plan of Yasuj city. Yasuj: Ministry of Roads and Urban Development.
  32. Ebrahimzadeh, I. and Khadijeh, F., 2014, Analysis of citizen participation and urban management in small towns (Case Study: small town, Younesi), Research and Urban Planning Journal, Vol. 2, No. 5.
  33. ‏‫Ebrahimzadeh, Issa and Fatemi Nejad, Khadijeh, 2014, An Analysis of Citizenship Participation and Urban Management in Small Cities, Case Study: The Little City of Younesi. Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 5, No. 16, PP. 19-38.
  34. Ghaffari, A.; Musazadeh, C. and Navid, A., 2014, The rating of citizen neighborhood-oriented participation in urban management system (Case Study: Bukan).
  35. Giddens, A., 2006, Sociology. Fifth Edition, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  36. Glass, J., 1979, Citizen Participation in planning; the Relationship between objectives and techniques, APA Journal, Vol. 45, No. 2.
  37. ‏‫Glass, James J., 1979, Citizen participation in planning: the relationship between objectives and techniques. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45, No. 2, PP. 180-189.
  38. ‏‫‏‫Habitat, UN., 2009, Urban Governance Index (UGI): a tool to measure progress in achieving good urban governance [Internet].[Acceso 10 de abril de 2014].
  39. ‏‫Hatami Nejad, Hossein; Bazrafkan, Shahram and Arvin, Mahmoud, 2017, Analysis of the role of good urban governance model in reducing the vulnerability of urban housing against earthquakes, Quarterly Journal of Human Resource Planning Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3, PP. 599-617.
  40. ‏‫Hekmatnia, Hasan and Mousavi, Mirnajaf, 2007, Measurement of Miran and Factors Affecting Citizens’ Satisfaction with Municipal Performance (Case Study؛ Yazd City), Journal of Geography and Development, 5, No. 9, PP. 181-196.
  41. ‏‫Hekmatnia, Hasan; Maleki, Mohammad; Mousavi, Mirnajaf and Afshani, Alireza, 2017, Measuring the level of research on the good urban governance in Iran (Case study: Ilam city), Human Geography Research, Vol. 48, No. 3, PP. 607-619.
  42. Horgan, D. and Dimitrijević, B., 2019, Frameworks for citizens participation in planning: From conversational to smart tools, Journal of Sustainable Cities and Society, 48.
  43. ‏‫Horgan, Donagh and Dimitrijević, Branka, 2019, Frameworks for citizens participation in planning: From conversational to smart tools, Sustainable Cities and Society, No. 48, PP. 101550.
  44. Kweit, M. G. and Kweit, R. W., 2007, Participation, Perception of Participation, and Citizen Support, American Politics Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 18-29.
  45. Kweit, Mary Grisez and Kweit, Robert, W., 2007, Participation, perception of participation، and citizen support. American Politics Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, PP. 407-425.
  46. ‏‫Maani, Manouchehr, 2004, Social Participation in Iran, Tehran: Aaron Publications.
  47. ‏‫Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad and Amini, Masoome, 2011, Public participation for sustainable urban planning in case of Iran. Procedia engineering 21, PP. 405-413.
  48. Mahdavizad, M. and Amini, M., 2011, Public parti cipation for sustainable urban planning In Case of Ban, Procedia Engineering, No. 21, PP. PP. 405ـ
  49. McGill, R., 1998, Urban Management in Developing Country, Cities, Vol. 15, No. 6, PP. 463ـ
  50. ‏‫McGill, Ronald, 1998, Urban management in developing countries. Cities , Vol. 15, No. 6, PP. 463-471.
  51. ‏‫Mir Musa, Seyyed Ali, 1996, Participatory Religious Principles and Political Culture, Quarterly Journal of Criticism and Opinion, Vol. 3, No. 4, PP. 86-111.
  52. ‏‫Mokhtari Malekabadi, Reza; Ebrahimi Bozani, Mehdi and Shahmzari BandarAbadi, Aliyar, 2018, Methods of organizing and improving the old texture of Najafabad city using Dicor model, Quarterly Journal of Urban Structure and Functional Studies, Vol. 4, No. 15, PP. 54-76.
  53. ‏‫Mousavi, Seyed Chamran; Tati, Farzaneh and Sharifi Aradani, Fatemeh, 2015, Citizen Participation and Its Role in Good Urban Governance (Case Study of Karaj Metropolis), International Conference on Research in Science and Technology. International Conference on Research in Science and Technology. Tehran: Institute of Idea Managers of Ilya Capital.
  54. ‏‫Movahed, Ali; Ghasemi Kafroudi, Sajjad; Kaman Rudi, Musa and Sasanpour, Farzaneh, 2014, A Study of Good Urban Governance in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: District 19 of Tehran Municipality), Journal of Urban Planning Studies, Vol. 2, No. 7, 147-176.
  55. Olejniczak, D.; Olejniczak, J. and Svobodová, L., 2019, Towards a Smart and Sustainable City with the Involvement of Public Participation—The Case of Wroclaw, Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 25.
  56. ‏‫Rezadoost, Karim; Hosseinzadeh, Alihossein and Abedzadeh, Hamid, 2009, A Study of Factors Affecting the Social Participation of Citizens of Islamic Urban Society, Journal of Applied Sociology, 20, No. 35, PP. 97-110.
  57. Sadeghipour Khamene, M., 2010, Neighborhood management role in promoting a culture of citizenship by learning how to participate in the City Administration(Case Study: Region 3 Tehran), The first conference of citizenship and the rights and duties of neighborhood management.
  58. ‏‫Sadeghipour Khameneh, Mahnaz, 2010, The role of neighborhood management in promoting citizenship culture by teaching how to participate in the management of city affairs، a case study of District 3 of Tehran Municipality, The first conference on citizenship and neighborhood management of rights and duties, The first conference on citizenship and neighborhood management of rights and duties, Tehran: General Department of Social and Cultural Studies of Tehran Municipality.
  59. ‏‫Saif al-Dini, Franak; Naderi, Ramazan Ali; Ahmadi, Mohammad and Zarei, Mahla, 2018, Analysis of Citizenship Participation and its Relationship with Citizens’ Assignments and Satisfaction in the New City of Golbahar. Quarterly Journal of Sustainable City, Vol. 1, No. 3, PP. 1-18.
  60. ‏‫Salimi, Fatemeh, 2010, Social Participation in School. Journal of Social Science Education Development, Vol. 13, No. 3, PP. 58-63.
  61. ‏‫Sharifzadeh Eghdam, Ebrahim; Sheikh, Abdullah and Shokouhi, Mohammad Jaza, 2018, Evaluation of good governance in the sustainability of Piranshahr urban neighborhoods, Sustainable City Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 3, PP. 105-126.
  62. Singh, SH., 2013, Citizens’ Participation in Urban Governance: Quest for Transparency and Accountability, Journal of Environment and Urbanization ASIA, Vol. 4, No. 1, PP. 191-202, https://org/10.1177/0975425313477564.
  63. ‏‫Singh, Shyam, 2013, Citizens’ Participation in urban governance: quest for transparency and accountability. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, Vol. 4, No. 1, PP. 191-202.
  64. ‏‫Statistics Center of Iran. (۲۰۱۶). General Census of Population and Housing: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province، Yasuj, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Yasuj.
  65. ‏‫Taghvaei, Masoud; Babanasab, Rasoul and Mousavi, Chamran, 2009, An Analysis of Measuring Factors Affecting Citizens’ Participation in Urban Management (Region 4 of Tabriz), Urban and Regional Studies and Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, PP. 16-36.
  66. ‏‫Tari, Mehta and Rezaei, Meysam, 2019, Assessment and Evaluation of Good Urban Governance in Ferdowsieh Neighborhoods of Shahriar, Journal of Human Geographical Research, Vol. 1, No. 51, PP. 23-40.
  67. UNـ HABITAT, 2009, Urban governance index (UGI) a tool to measure progress in achieving good urban governance. Available in unhabitat.org.
  68. United Nations, 2018, World Urbanization Prospects The 2018 Revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Population Division, New York.
  69. Wilson, A.; Tewdwr-Jones, M. and Comber, R., 2017, Urban planning, public participation and digital technology: App development as a method of generating citizen involvement in local planning processes, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 1, No. 1.
  70. ‏‫Wilson, Alexander; Tewdwr-Jones, Mark and Comber, Rob, 2017, Urban planning، public participation and digital technology: App development as a method of generating citizen involvement in local planning processes, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, Vol. 46, No. 2, PP. 286-302.
  71. ‏‫Wongsakorn, Jiampao, 2009, Volunteerism in community policing: A case study in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.
  72. ‏‫Yaghfouri, Hossein; Hadiani, Zohreh and Rafieian, Sajjad, 2014, A Study of the Capacity and Capabilities of Citizens’ Participation in Fasa Urban Affairs, Journal of Geography and Urban Development,، 34, PP. 88-93.
  73. ‏‫Zandieh, Elnaz, 2016, A Study of Municipal Performance in the Framework of Good Urban Governance Approach (Case Study: Malayer City Municipality), Environmental Design Quarterly, 39, PP. 59-76.
  74. ‏‫Ziari, Keramatollah; Nikpey, Vahid and Hosseini, Ali, ۲۰۱۳, Measuring Citizens’ Participation in Urban Management Based on the Good Urban Governance Model, A Case Study of Yasuj, Housing and Rural Environment Quarterly, 141, PP. 69-86.
  75. ‏‫Ziari, Keramatollah; Zandavi, Seyed Majdaldin; Aghajani, Mohammad and Moghadam, Mohammad, ۲۰۰۹, A Study of Citizenship Participation and Its Role in Urban Management of Small Cities (Case Study: Herdsman, Varzaneh and Hedge Cities). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, N 13, PP. 221-235.