تأثیر پایداری منابع درآمدی شهرداری ‏ها بر زیست ‏پذیری شهری (مطالعة موردی: شهر سمنان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی جغرافیا و برنامه‏ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‏ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

در حال حاضر، رشد جمعیت شهری و شهرنشینی پیش از فرایند برنامه‏ ریزی شهری در ایران شهرها را به ‏شدت از معیارهای زیست ‏پذیری و استانداردهای زندگی دور کرده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین جایگاه و نقش منابع درآمدی پایدار شهرداری‏ ها در زیست ‏پذیری شهری سمنان به نگارش درآمده است. این پژوهش بر حسب هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش تحلیلی- استنباطی است. روش جمع ‏آوری داده ‏ها مبتنی بر روش پیمایشی با استفاده از پرسش‏نامه بوده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل دو گروه مجزای صاحب‏نظران و خبرگان در زمینة موضوع مورد پژوهش (تعداد نمونه: 30 نفر)، مدیران، و اعضای شورای اسلامی شهر سمنان (تعداد نمونه: 30 نفر) بوده است. بررسی روند درآمدی شهرداری سمنان طی سال‏های 1390-1395 نشان می‏ دهد که سه گروه درآمدی شامل عوارض عمومی، سایر منابع، و عوارض اختصاصی بیشترین سهم از منابع درامدی شهرداری سمنان را به خود اختصاص داده اند که عمده ردیف‏ های فرعی در این سه گروه جزو درآمدهای ناپایدارند. همچنین، بر اساس مدل رگرسیون چند متغیره، میزان همبستگی محاسبه ‏شده بین پایداری منابع مالی و درآمد شهرداری و زیست ‏پذیری شهر سمنان 8۷۶/0 بوده است. بنابراین، بین شاخص‏ های زیست ‏پذیری به‏ عنوان متغیر وابسته و پایداری منابع مالی و درآمدی به ‏عنوان متغیر مستقل همبستگی معنادار و مناسبی وجود دارد. با استفاده از رتبه ‏بندی به روش ویکور مشخص شد که بسیاری از ریزکدهای درآمدی با مطلوبیت پایین در صدر این رتبه ‏بندی‏ها قرار گرفته‏اند که حاکی از وابستگی شدید شهرداری سمنان به درآمدهای نامطلوب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Sustainability of Municipal Income Sources on Urban Sustainability Case Study of Semnan City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Babaei 1
  • Zienab Karkeh Abadi 2
  • Saeid Kamyabi 2
1 PhD candidate in urban geography
2 Faculty member
چکیده [English]

With the rise of living standards, cities have become more complex in life. Sustainability is a relatively new concept that sets standards for optimal living in urban spaces. On the other hand, raising public expectations of municipalities, expanding the scope of local governments and exacerbating the problems caused by rising urban populations such as unemployment, urbanization, environmental pollution, housing shortages, traffic problems and socio-economic anomalies, need to expand municipal funding Makes it more. Financing will leave municipalities with no choice but to increase the efficiency of previous methods and look for new sources of income. Increasing efficiency requires the passage of time, interaction with the world economy, the use of more modern methods, and an increase in the proportion of specialist municipal forces. Lack of sufficient revenue for municipalities not only reduces the ability to provide appropriate services for urban management, but also substantially hampers the implementation of all urban plans.
In this study, the city of Semnan, as the center of the province and one of the key cities of the country, has been studied. In this paper, the impact of sustainability of Semnan municipality's sources of income on urban viability has been studied. The authors put forward two basic hypotheses to explain the sustainability impact of municipal revenue sources on urban viability. The first hypothesis is that the sustainability of the municipality's financial resources and revenues appear to have an impact on the livelihoods of Semnan; the second hypothesis is that it currently seems to have the largest share of Semnan municipality financing through unstable financial resources and income. The findings of the study show that both hypotheses have been substantiated.
With the rise of living standards, cities have become more complex in life. Sustainability is a relatively new concept that sets standards for optimal living in urban spaces. On the other hand, raising public expectations of municipalities, expanding the scope of local governments and exacerbating the problems caused by rising urban populations such as unemployment, urbanization, environmental pollution, housing shortages, traffic problems and socio-economic anomalies, need to expand municipal funding Makes it more. Financing will leave municipalities with no choice but to increase the efficiency of previous methods and look for new sources of income. Increasing efficiency requires the passage of time, interaction with the world economy, the use of more modern methods, and an increase in the proportion of specialist municipal forces. Lack of sufficient revenue for municipalities not only reduces the ability to provide appropriate services for urban management, but also substantially hampers the implementation of all urban plans.
In this study, the city of Semnan, as the center of the province and one of the key cities of the country, has been studied. In this paper, the impact of sustainability of Semnan municipality's sources of income on urban viability has been studied. The authors put forward two basic hypotheses to explain the sustainability impact of municipal revenue sources on urban viability. The first hypothesis is that the sustainability of the municipality's financial resources and revenues appear to have an impact on the livelihoods of Semnan; the second hypothesis is that it currently seems to have the largest share of Semnan municipality financing through unstable financial resources and income. The findings of the study show that both hypotheses have been substantiated.
With the rise of living standards, cities have become more complex in life. Sustainability is a relatively new concept that sets standards for optimal living in urban spaces. On the other hand, raising public expectations of municipalities, expanding the scope of local governments and exacerbating the problems caused by rising urban populations such as unemployment, urbanization, environmental pollution, housing shortages, traffic problems and socio-economic anomalies, need to expand municipal funding Makes it more. Financing will leave municipalities with no choice but to increase the efficiency of previous methods and look for new sources of income. Increasing efficiency requires the passage of time, interaction with the world economy, the use of more modern methods, and an increase in the proportion of specialist municipal forces. Lack of sufficient revenue for municipalities not only reduces the ability to provide appropriate services for urban management, but also substantially hampers the implementation of all urban plans.
In this study, the city of Semnan, as the center of the province and one of the key cities of the country, has been studied. In this paper, the impact of sustainability of Semnan municipality's sources of income on urban viability has been studied. The authors put forward two basic hypotheses to explain the sustainability impact of municipal revenue sources on urban viability. The first hypothesis is that the sustainability of the municipality's financial resources and revenues appear to have an impact on the livelihoods of Semnan; the second hypothesis is that it currently seems to have the largest share of Semnan municipality financing through unstable financial resources and income. The findings of the study show that both hypotheses have been substantiated.
With the rise of living standards, cities have become more complex in life. Sustainability is a relatively new concept that sets standards for optimal living in urban spaces. On the other hand, raising public expectations of municipalities, expanding the scope of local governments and exacerbating the problems caused by rising urban populations such as unemployment, urbanization, environmental pollution, housing shortages, traffic problems and socio-economic anomalies, need to expand municipal funding Makes it more. Financing will leave municipalities with no choice but to increase the efficiency of previous methods and look for new sources of income. Increasing efficiency requires the passage of time, interaction with the world economy, the use of more modern methods, and an increase in the proportion of specialist municipal forces. Lack of sufficient revenue for municipalities not only reduces the ability to provide appropriate services for urban management, but also substantially hampers the implementation of all urban plans.
In this study, the city of Semnan, as the center of the province and one of the key cities of the country, has been studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • City
  • Sustainability
  • Municipality
  • Income Sustainability
  • Semnan
  1. حسام، مهدی؛، اقاییآقایی‏زاده، اسماعیل و منصور رضاعلی، منصور، 1397، شناسایی به موانع دست‏یابی به شهر پاک با تکیه بر جمع‏آاوری زباله با استفاده از تئوری بنیانی (مطالعةه موردی: شهر رشت)، پژوهش های جغرافیای انسانی، دورةه 50، شماره 3، پاییز، صص 790۷۷۳-790.
  2. حسن زاده، علی؛ خسروشاهی، پرویز، 1388 ، الگوی تأمین مالی کارآمد برای شهرداری های کلان شهر ها مطالعه موردی شهرداری تهران، پژوهشکده پولی و بانکی بانک مرکزی، همایش مالیه شهرداری.773
  3. حسین‏زاده دلیر،. کریم؛، اکبری سراسکانرود، محمد و محمد حسین حسینی، محمدحسین، 1391، مدیریت شهری در شهرهای میانی ایران، فصل‏نامةه علمی- پژوهشی فضای جغرافیایی، س ال دوازدهم۱۲، شماره 37، بهار ، صص 181۱۵۹-181.159
  4. خراسانی، محمدامین، 1391، تبیین زیست‏پذیری روستاهای پیرامون شهری با رویکرد کیفیت زندگی مطالعةه موردی (شهرستان ورامین)،. رسالةه دکتری، رشتةه برنامه ریزبرنامه‏ریزی روستایی، دانشکدةه جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران.
  5. دامن‏ باغ، صفیه، 1392، تحلیل جغرافیایی شاخه‏های منتخب کیفیت زندگی شهری در اهواز (نمونةه موردی: محلات کیانپارس، گلستان، و عامری)، پایان‏نامةه ارشد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، دانشکدةه علوم زمین.
  6. زیاری، کرامت‏اله؛، حاتمی، احمد؛، سحر مصباحی، سحر و حسن عاشوری، حسن، 13971398، ارزیابی و تحلیل ابعاد و مؤولفه‏های زیست‏پذیری شهرهای کوچک در راستای توسعةه پایدار (نمونةه موردی: بندر دیلم)، فصل‏نامةه علمی- پژوهشی جغرافیا(برنامه‏ریزی منطقه‏ای)، سال نهم ۹، شماره 4، پاییز ، صص 586۵۶۹-586.569
  7. ساسان‏پور، فرزانه؛ ،تولایی، سیمین و حمزه جعفری اسدآبادی، حمزه، 1393، قابلیت زیست‏پذیری شهرها در راستای توسعةه پایدار شهری (مورد مطالعه: کلان‏شهر تهران)، فصل‏نامةه علمی- پژوهشی و بین‏ المللی انجمن جغرافیای ایران، س ۱۲، ال دوازدهم، شماره 42، پاییز.
  8. سلیمانی مهرجانی، محمد؛، تولایی، سیمین؛، مجتبی رفیعیان، مجتبی؛ احمد زنگانه، احمد و فروغ خزایئی‏نژاد، فروغ، 1395، زیست‏پذیری شهری: مفهوم، اصول، ابعاد، و شاخص‏ها، پژوهش‏های جغرافیای برنامه‏ریزی شهری، دورةه 4، شماره 1، بهار، صص 50۲۷-50.
  9. مرکز آمار ایران؛ سرشماری نفوس و مسکن 1395-1390.
  10. Balsas, C., 2004, Measuring the livability of an urban centre: an exploratory study of key performance indicators. Planning, Practice & Research, Vol. 19, No. 1, PP. 101-110.
  11. Clinton-Gore Administration, 2000, Building livable communities: Sustaining prosperity, improving quality of life. building a sense of community Available at www.livablecommunities.gov/report2k/pdf.
  12. CrowHurst, S. and Lennard, H., 1987, Livale cities, New York, USA: gondolier press.
  13. D’Acci, L., 2014, Monetary, subjective and quantitative approaches to assess urban quality of life and pleasantness in cities (hedonic price, willingness-to-pay, positional value, life satisfaction, isobenefit lines). Social Indicators Research, 115, No. 2, PP. 531-559.
  14. Daman Bagh, S., 2013, Geographical analysis of selected branches of urban quality of life in Ahvaz (Case study: Kianpars, Golestan and Ameri neighborhoods), Master's thesis of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (In Persian).
  15. De Perogordo, Juan. J., 2004, Report on the discharge for 2002 - general budget of the European Communities (Commission) - Committee on Budgetary Control, Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport.
  16. Yu-Qing DuanYing MaXue-Jiao WangYuan-Yuan JinRun-Ling WangWei-Li DongWei-Ren XuDe-Xin KongShu-Qing Wang. 2014, Design potential selective inhibitors for treating cancer by targeting the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (Shp2) with core hopping approach, Protein and peptide letters, Vol., 21, No. 6, PP. 556-563.
  17. Eldin, R.; Dalia Abdel, F. and Dalia, A., 2005, Urban Livability Dimensions in the Egyptian New Cities, Case study: Sheikh Zayed city.
  18. Florida, R., 2005, Cities and the creative class, Routledge.
  19. Harrop, , 2008, Tests for Liveability: Keeping pace with change, Social City, Vol. 23.
  20. Heylen, K., 2006, Liveability in social housing: three case studies in Flanders.
  21. Hosseinzadeh Dalir, K.; Abkari Serkanrood, M. and Hosseini, M., 2012, Urban management in the middle cities of Iran, Journal of Geographical Space, Twelfth year, No. 37, PP. 159-181 (In Persian).
  22. Hussam, M.; Aghayizade, A. and Reza Ali, M., 2018, Identification of barriers to access to a clean city based on waste collection using basic theory (Case study: Rasht city), Human Geographical Research, Vol. 50, No. 3, PP. 773-790 (In Persian).
  23. Idris, S.; Hadi, A.S.; Shah, A.H.H. and Mohamed, A.F., 2008, Spatial urban metabolism for livable city, Paper Presented at the Blue prints for sustainable infrastructure conference.
  24. Kaal, H., 2011, A conceptual history of livability: Dutch scientists, politicians, policy makers and citizens and the quest for a livable city, City, Vol. 15, No. 5, PP. 532-547.
  25. Khorasani, M., 2012, Explaining the viability of villages around the city with a quality of life approach to case study (Varamin city), PhD thesis. Department of Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran (In Persian).
  26. Kotkin, J., 2009, ‘Why the ‘‘Livable Cities’’ rankings are wrong’, Forbes Magazine, availablefrom: http://forbes.com/2009/08/10/cities-livable-elite-economist-monocle-rankings-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin.html.
  27. Leby, J. L. and Ahmad, H. H., 2010, Liveability dimensions and attributes: Their relative importance in the eyes of neighbourhood residents,Journal of Construction in Developing Countries,  15. PP. 91-167.
  28. Litman, T., 2005, Online TDM encyclopedia, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, viewed March.
  29. Lowe, Melanie & Whitzman, Carolyn & Badland, Hannah & Davern, Melanie & Aye, Lu & Hes, Dominique & Butterworth, Iain & Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015) “Planning Healthy, Liveable and Sustainable Cities: How Can Indicators Inform Policy?” Urban Policy and Research, 2015 Vol. 33, No. 2, 131–144.
  30. Marshall, W. E., 2013, An evaluation of livability in creating transit-enriched communities for improved regional benefits, Research in Transportation Business & Management7, PP. 54-68.
  31. Marsman, G. and Leidelmeijer,F., 2001, Liveability in the Amsterdam Airport region: more than only noise—the results of a survey among residentsRIGO, Amsterdam, the Netherlands116.
  32. Newman, P. W., 1999, Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model Landsc. Urban Plan,44, No. 4, PP. 219-226.
  33. Nieboer, N., 2005, The disputable role of the built environment in liveabilityHousing in Europe: new challenges and innovations in tomorrow's cities.
  34. Radcliff, B., 2001, Politics, markets, and life satisfaction: The political economy of human happiness,American political science review,  95, No. 4, PP. 939-952.
  35. Saitluanga, B., 2014, Spatial pattern of urban livability in Himalayan Region: A case of Aizawl City, India, Social indicators research,  117, No. 2, PP. 541-559.
  36. Salzano, and  Schonmann, R. H., 1997, The second lowest extremal invariant measure of the contact process. The Annals of Probability, Vol.  25, No. 4, PP. 1846-1871.
  37. Sasanpour, F.; Tavalayi, S. and Jafari Asadabadi, H., 2011, Ability to live in cities in line with sustainable urban development (studied: Tehran metropolis). Scientific-Research and International Quarterly Journal of the Geographical Society of Iran, Vol. 12, No. 42 (In Persian).
  38. Shaw, D.R., 2010, Sustainability and livability in the 2007 banking crisis A failed transition to a low gain system, Systems Research and Behavioral science, Vol. 27, PP. 480-495.
  39. Soleimani Mehrjani, M.; Tavalayi, S.; Rafieian, M.; Zanganeh, A. and Khazaei-Nejad, F., 2016, Urban Bioavailability: Concept, Principles, Dimensions and Indicators, Geographical Research of Urban Planning, Vol. 4, No. 1, PP. 27-50 (In Persian).
  40. Statistics Center of Iran, Population and Housing Census, 2011-2016 (In Persian).
  41. Ziari, K.; Hatami, A.; Mesbahi, S. and Ashouri, H., 2018, Evaluation and Analysis of Dimensions and Biocompatibility Components of Small Cities for Sustainable Development (Case Study: Bandar Deylam), Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), Vol. 9, No. 4, PP. 568-586 (In Persian).