نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The idea of establishing and launching free zones in Iran was formed in the early 1951s. In February 1971, a law was passed by which the government was allowed to exempt all stores of specified islands of the Persian Gulf from the payment of duties and taxes, customs, commercial profit, monopoly, various duties, and the right to register an order for all goods which are used for consumption, use, and sale. With the occurrence of the revolution and the cultural and social alterations that followed, in February 1980, the Revolutionary Council finally designated Kish Island as the first free trade zone. In 1989, according to the law of the First Development Plan, the government was permitted to establish free trade-industrial zones in three border points of the country. After that, the government proclaimed Qeshm Island and Chabahar Port as the country's free zones. The Islamic Parliament established Aras as a Free Zone on October 24, 2003, in order to accelerate the implementation of infrastructure, development, prosperity, economic growth and development, investment and increase the public income, create healthy and productive occupation, active presence in global and regional markets, production and export of Industrial and alterant goods and services. Arvand Free Zone officially started its activity on July 25, 2004. Anzali Free Trade-Industrial Zone is one of the free zones of Iran, which was established in 2005 due to the economic plans of this country.
Methodology
This study is applied and descriptive-analytical based on field studies. The statistical population of the current study is the rural households of 5 villages in the Rural District of Licharaki-Hasan Rud, which has over 2500 households and a population equal to 7596. Considering a 5% error level, the required number of samples was determined to be 312 according to Cochran's formula. The questions in this study were set on a Likert scale in five grades (very low, low, medium, high, and very high). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the research components equals 83%. The questionnaire data were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential tests. Moreover, the required maps were designed in ArcGIS software. Bandar Anzali County is in Gilan Province; it has a longitude of 49 degrees and 28 minutes, a latitude of 37 degrees and 28 minutes, and a height above sea level minus 26 meters. Anzali Port is connected to the Caspian Sea from the north to Someh Sara County from the south, Rasht County from the east, and Rezvanshahr County from the west. This city is in a plain area in a narrow strip along the Caspian coast and has a temperate and humid climate. Part of the natural environment of this county is the Caspian Sea (40 km of Coastal strip), and another essential part is the valuable ecosystem of Anzali Lagoon. The area of Anzali County is 275 square kilometers, of which the share of the urban area is 49.31 square kilometers. Due to the population concentration, Anzali County is one of the densest cities in Iran. Bandar Anzali County has a central district, two rural districts called Licharaki-Hasan rud and Chahar-Farizeh and 32 villages, and its center is Bandar Anzali. Its population is 139015 people, of which 118564 live in cities and 20459 in villages. There are 7 villages in Licharaki Rural District and 25 villages in Chahar-Farizeh Rural District.
Results and discussion
Free trade-industrial zones should be considered as a bridge between national and international economies. On the one hand, it strengthens the basis of export expansion by attracting foreign direct investment. On the other hand, it converts the proportional advantages of the economy into an actual one via potential resources and talents. The purpose of designating and developing free zones is to increase and develop exports, create jobs, attract domestic and foreign investors and transfer technology, increase public revenues, increase tourism, improve the country's economic position and benefit from a competitive economy. The results of the Chi-square correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between economic, social, and physical indexes with the establishment of a free zone indicate a significant relationship up to a 99% confidence level. Friedman's results also demonstrate a significant difference between the studied indexes, and the values assigned to each indicate their importance. Furthermore, Wilcoxon and McNemar's tests are exerted to compare the studied indicators before and after the establishment of the free zone, which illustrates a significant difference of 99%.
Conclusion
A free trade zone is a specific territory often located inside or near a port, where free trade with other parts of the world is permitted, and goods can be exported or imported without paying customs duties and taxes. Therefore, free zones are a way to enter global trade and facilitate economic activity in the world. In this regard, surrounding villages are affected by the activities of the free zones. Their performances significantly impact the region's sustainable economic and socio-cultural development. After establishing the free zone, most of the economic, social, and physical indicators of the villages in the study area were improved despite some limitations. Accordingly, the quality of villagers' lives has improved.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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